The world of targeted drug delivery (TDD) represents an incredible leap forward in how we treat and manage diseases . It’s a frontier where science converges with hope, precision, and, in many ways, a reimagining of healthcare itself. As we move closer to realizing a future where therapies can target specific cells or tissues with minimal side effects, the excitement is tempered by a growing recognition of the technical, ethical, and societal challenges that come with this revolutionary shift in medical practice. In this drawing from the insights of researchers and thinkers who are deeply engaged in navigating this transformative field. Together, the following chapters, illustrate how the evolving landscape of TDD holds both immense promise and significant complexity.