Super-resolution imaging (SR) is a class of techniques that enhance the resolution of an imaging system. In some SR techniques—termed optical SR—the diffraction limit of systems is transcended, while in others—geometrical SR—the resolution of digital imaging sensors is enhanced. Super-resolution imaging techniques are used in general image processing and in super-resolution microscopy. There are both single-frame and multiple-frame variants of SR. Multiple-frame SR uses the sub-pixel shifts between multiple low resolution images of the same scene. It creates an improved resolution image fusing information from all low resolution images, and the created higher resolution images are better descriptions of the scene. Single-frame SR methods attempt to magnify the image without introducing blur. These methods use other parts of the low resolution images, or other unrelated images, to guess what the high-resolution image should look like.

In the present book, fifteen typical literatures about super-resolution imaging technology published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on image processing, optic technology, medical science, microscopy, ect. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in super-resolution imaging technology as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.