T cell or T lymphocyte is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells, by the presence of a T-cell receptor on the cell surface. The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha and beta chains on the cell receptor and are termed alpha beta T cells (αβ T cells) and are part of the adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells have invariant T cell receptors with limited diversity that can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system. T cells are often used to stimulate the immune system to destroy tumors, which was called T cell Immunotherapy. The T cells may already target tumor cells. Alternatively, they may be genetically engineered to do so. These T cells, referred to as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), are multiplied using high concentrations of Interleukin-2, anti-CD3 and allo-reactive feeder cells. They are then transferred back into the person along with administration of IL-2 to further boost their anti-cancer activity.

In the present book, twelve typical literatures about T cell immunotherapy published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on medical science, immunology, cytology, ect. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in T cell immunotherapy as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.