[1]
|
B. M. Popkin, “Understanding Global Nutrition Dynamics as a Step towards Controlling Cancer Incidence,” Nature Reviews Cancer, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2007, pp. 61-67.
doi:10.1038/nrc2029
|
[2]
|
E. E. Calle and R. Kaaks, “Overweight, Obesity and Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms,” Nature Reviews Cancer, Vol. 4, No. 8, 2004, pp. 579-591. doi:10.1038/nrc1408
|
[3]
|
A. R. Carmichael, “Obesity and Prognosis of Breast Cancer,” Obesity Reviews, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2006, pp. 333-340.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00261.x
|
[4]
|
M. Protani, M. Coory and J. H. Martin, “Effect of Obesity on Survival of Women with Breast Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Vol. 123, No. 3, 2010, pp. 627-635.
doi:10.1007/s10549-010-0990-0
|
[5]
|
National Cancer Institute, “Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program,” 2012.
http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html#incidence-mortality
|
[6]
|
H. S. Al-Eid, “Cancer Incidence and Survival Report Saudi Arabia 2007,” 2012.
http://www.scr.org.sa/reports/SCR2007.pdf
|
[7]
|
V. Rudat, I. Brune-Erbe, A. Noureldin, Z. Bushnag, N. Almuraikhi and S. Altuwaijri, “Epidemiology of Breast Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Center in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia,” Gulf Journal of Oncology, Vol. 1, No. 11, 2012, pp. 45-49.
|
[8]
|
V. Rudat, H. El-Sweilmeen, E. Fadel, I. Brune-Erber, A. A. Nour, Z. Bushnag, N. Masri and S. Altuwaijri, “Age of 40 Years or Younger Is an Independent Risk Factor for Locoregional Failure in Early Breast Cancer: A Single-Institutional Analysis in Saudi Arabia,” Journal of Oncology, Vol. 2012, 2012, p. 370385.
|
[9]
|
C. K. Anders, R. Johnson, J. Litton, M. Phillips and A. Bleyer, “Breast Cancer before Age 40 Years,” Seminars in Oncology, Vol. 36, No. 3, 2009, pp. 237-249.
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2009.03.001
|
[10]
|
K. M. Flegal, M. D. Carroll, B. K. Kit and C. L. Ogden, “Prevalence of Obesity and Trends in the Distribution of Body Mass Index among US Adults, 1999-2010,” JAMA, Vol. 307, No. 5, 2012, pp. 491-497.
doi:10.1001/jama.2012.39
|
[11]
|
A. R. Carmichael and T. Bates, “Obesity and Breast Cancer: A Review of the Literature,” Breast, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2004, pp. 85-92. doi:10.1016/j.breast.2003.03.001
|
[12]
|
S. Loi, R. L. Milne, M. L. Friedlander, M. R. E. McCredie, G. G. Giles, J. L. Hopper and K.-A. Phillips, “Obesity and Outcomes in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer,” Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, Vol. 14, No. 7, 2005, pp. 1686-1691.
doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0042
|
[13]
|
N. A. Al-Baghli, A. J. Al-Ghamdi, K. A. Al-Turki, A. G. El-Zubaier, M. M. Al-Ameer and F. A. Al-Baghli, “Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia,” Saudi Medical Journal, Vol. 29, No. 9, 2008, pp. 1319-1325.
|
[14]
|
M. M. Al-Nozha, Y. Y. Al-Mazrou, M. A. Al-Maatouq, M. R. Arafah, M. Z. Khalil, N. B. Khan, K. Al-Marzouki, M. A. Abdullah, A. H. Al-Khadra, S. S. Al-Harthi, et al., “Obesity in Saudi Arabia,” Saudi Medical Journal, Vol. 26, No. 5, 2005, pp. 824-829.
|
[15]
|
H. S. Feigelson, C. R. Jonas, L. R. Teras, M. J. Thun and E. E. Calle, “Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in a Large Prospective Study,” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2004, pp. 220-224. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-03-0301
|
[16]
|
C. Schairer, J. Lubin, R. Troisi, S. Sturgeon, L. Brinton and R. Hoover, “Menopausal Estrogen and Estrogen-Progestin Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk,” JAMA, Vol. 283, No. 4, 2000, pp. 485-491.
doi:10.1001/jama.283.4.485
|
[17]
|
Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer, “Breast Cancer and Hormone Replacement Therapy: Collaborative Reanalysis of Data from 51 Epidemiological Studies of 52,705 Women with Breast Cancer and 108,411 Women without Breast Cancer,” Lancet, Vol. 350, No. 9084, 1997, pp. 1047-1059.
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)08233-0
|
[18]
|
L. M. Morimoto, E. White, Z. Chen, R. T. Chlebowski, J. Hays, L. Kuller, A. M. Lopez, J. Manson, K. L. Margolis, P. C. Muti, et al., “Obesity, Body Size, and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: The Women’s Health Initiative (United States),” Cancer Causes Control, Vol. 13, No. 8, 2002, pp. 741-751.
doi:10.1023/A:1020239211145
|
[19]
|
S. C. Larsson, C. S. Mantzoros and A. Wolk, “Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis,” International Journal of Cancer, Vol. 121, No. 4, 2007, pp. 856-862. doi:10.1002/ijc.22717
|
[20]
|
L. Vona-Davis and D. P. Rose, “Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Metabolic Interactions: Common Factors for Breast Cancer Risk and Novel Approaches to Prevention and Therapy,” Current Diabetes Reviews, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2012, pp. 116-130. doi:10.2174/157339912799424519
|
[21]
|
K. S. Peairs, B. B. Barone, C. F. Snyder, H. C. Yeh, K. B. Stein, R. L. Derr, F. L. Brancati and A. C. Wolff, “Dia- betes Mellitus and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2011, pp. 40-46.
doi:10.1200/JCO.2009.27.3011
|
[22]
|
M. E. Del Giudice, I. G. Fantus, S. Ezzat, G. McKeown-Eyssen, D. Page and P. J. Goodwin, “Insulin and Related Factors in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Risk,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Vol. 47, No. 2, 1998, pp. 111-120. doi:10.1023/A:1005831013718
|
[23]
|
I. Wolf, S. Sadetzki, R. Catane, A. Karasik and B. Kaufman, “Diabetes Mellitus and Breast Cancer,” The Lancet Oncology, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2005, pp. 103-111.
doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(05)01736-5
|
[24]
|
K. Erickson, R. E. Patterson, S. W. Flatt, L. Natarajan, B. A. Parker, D. D. Heath, G. A. Laughlin, N. Saquib, C. L. Rock and J. P. Pierce, “Clinically Defined Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prognosis in Early-Stage Breast Cancer,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2011, pp. 54-60. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.29.3183
|
[25]
|
D. M. Nathan, J. B. Buse, M. B. Davidson, E. Ferrannini, R. R. Holman, R. Sherwin and B. Zinman, “Medical Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Algorithm for the Initiation and Adjustment of Therapy: A Consensus Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes,” Diabetes Care, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2009, pp. 193-203. doi:10.2337/dc08-9025
|
[26]
|
R. T. Chlebowski, A. McTiernan, J. Wactawski-Wende, J. E. Manson, A. K. Aragaki, T. Rohan, E. Ipp, V. G. Kaklamani, M. Vitolins, R. Wallace, et al., “Diabetes, Metformin, and Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 30, No. 23, 2012, pp. 2844-2852. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.39.7505
|
[27]
|
H. Noto, A. Goto, T. Tsujimoto and M. Noda, “Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients Treated with Metformin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” PLoS One, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2012, p. e33411.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033411
|
[28]
|
N. F. Col, L. Ochs, V. Springmann, A. K. Aragaki and R. T. Chlebowski, “Metformin and Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis and Critical Literature Review,” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Vol. 135, No. 3, 2012, pp. 639-646. doi:10.1007/s10549-012-2170-x
|
[29]
|
K. A. Alqurashi, K. S. Aljabri and S. A. Bokhari, “Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in a Saudi Community,” Annals of Saudi Medicine, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2011, pp. 19-23.
doi:10.4103/0256-4947.75773
|