Microstructure and Properties of Fe-Based Coating on Column Surface Formed by High Frequency Induction Cladding ()
1. Introduction
Wear of machinery components is one of the most common problems in engineering application [1]. Surface coating is usually used to increase the wear resistance of the wear components. There are many surface coating techniques, such as thermal spraying, bead welding, plasma spraying, laser cladding, chemical and physical vapor deposition processes [2-4]. Due to the advantages in high heating efficiency, rapid heating speed, good controlability, easy mechanization and automation, high frequency induction heating as a developing technique has been applied more and more widely in surface coating. Most of researches on high frequency induction cladding focused on the planar workpiece, but few studies on the cylinder, cone and other rotational parts were reported.
In this paper, Al2O3 cylindrical sleeves were coordinated to produce the Fe-based coating on column surface by high frequency induction cladding, the microstructure and crystal structure of the coating were characterized, microhardness and wear resisitance were also investigated.
2. Experimental Procedure
A low carbon steel was used as the substrate material. Column with a dimension of Ø36 mm × 40 mm was machined on a C6140 lathe. Fe-based alloy powder was used as the coating material, the chemical composition of Fe-based alloy powder is shown in Table 1. The size of the particles ranged from 58 to 150 µm.
The high frequency induction heating equipment (SGD-60B) was adopted as the experimental apparatus, the surface cladding processing parameters were described as follows: maximum power output: 60 kW; output oscillation frequency: 50 - 150 kHz; heating electric current: 10 - 70 A; pressure of cooling water: ≥0.2Mpa; turns of induction copper coil: 3; diameter of induction coil: 50 mm; spacing of induction coils: 5 mm. Figure 1 shows a schematic profile of high frequency induction cladding sample with a Al2O3 cylindrical sleeve on column surface. The Al2O3 cylindrical sleeve equiped with silicate bonded sand bottom block should be preheated for 1.5 h at 300˚C and another 1.5 h at 600˚C. During the cladding, the assembled sample was put into the induction coil in vertical and kept heating for 40s, then taken out of the coil.
The analysis specimens were taken from the transverse intersection along the vertical direction of column sur
Table 1. Chemical composition of Fe-based alloy.
Figure 1. Schematic profile of the assembled sample.
face. The metallographic specimens were grinded with silicon carbide emery paper of 100 - 800 grit size, polished with diamond paste by an automatic polishing machine and etched with 4% nital. The microstructure of the coating was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Quanta-2000), the phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Philips x’pert Pro). Microhardness was measured using a HX-1000 TM/LCD Vickers hardness tester with 300 N load for 15 s. The wear resistance of the coating was evaluated on ML-100 rotary abrasive machine, the wear tests were operated under 15 N load and rotational speed of 60r/min, the mass of the specimens was measured by a precise electronic balance in accuracy of 0.1 mg.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructure
The SEM micrographs of the coating are shown in Figure 2. It can be seen that the thickness of the coating is about 2.5 mm, and the coating is fully dense and uniform (Figure 2(a)). High frequency induction cladding is a process of rapid heating and rapid solidification [5]. The protection of the Al2O3 cylindrical sleeve and the rapid solidification result in the minimal oxidation of the coating. Figure 2(b) shows that the structure of the coating grows towards an explicit direction, this is because intensive eddy emerges in the interface where elctromagnetic properties differ a lot, leading to the highest temperature at the interface. With the effect of heat transfer direction, dendrite crystallization grows along the direction of outside surface. There is a white band between the coating and the substrate (Figure 2(c)), the band results from the diffusion between the coating and substrate, which illustrates that an excellent metallurgical bond is attained. During solidification, the planar crystallization can be observed at the interface, with the increasing of the distance from the bottom of the coating, the microstructure changed into dendrite with eutectic structure (Figure 2(c)).
Figure 3(a) shows the XRD pattern of the coating, it can be seen that the main phases are austenite γ-Fe and (Cr,Fe)7(C,B)3 [6]. And in the big block area there is the precipitation of austenite γ-Fe, which is a non-equilibrium solid solution with supersaturated alloyed elements like Cr, Si, Ni, B and C, and the other area is the eutectic of γ-Fe and carboborides (Figure 3(b)).