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https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0793-6

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Characterisation of Smallholder Multiple Livestock Species Production Systems in Parts of Lake Victoria Crescent of Central Uganda

  AUTHORS: Stephen Kabugo, Samuel Okello, Sarah A. Nalule, David Kahwa

  KEYWORDS: Integrated Livestock, Multiple Livestock, Mixed Livestock, Management Techniques, Central Uganda

  JOURNAL NAME: Agricultural Sciences, Vol.14 No.12, December 6, 2023

  ABSTRACT: A cross-sectional study of 150 purposively selected multiple livestock species farmers was conducted in Central Uganda aimed at distinguishing between mixed and integrated livestock systems. Performance and operational-based challenges misconstrued to cause incorrect comparison between the two systems were considered. Ten multiple-livestock species system with five ruminant species-based and five monogastric species-based combinations were categorised. Poultry, pig, fish, goats and sheep kept in both the 3 and 4-species combinations were considered. Over 80% of the families are male dominated, smallholder and occupying > 1.0 Ha of land. Exotic and crossbred breeds were adopted away from less productive and noncommercial local species. Mixed monogastric-fish systems with monogastric species dominated (P 2 = 25.93) with increased production expenses which significantly (P 1000) stock per farm. Stalls dominate pig management systems with 15% of the farmers upgraded to commercial level with (>50) stock per farm. Ineffective livestock policies contribute to inefficient performance of 55% of livestock farmers. In conclusion, mixed livestock systems should be upgraded to integrated livestock systems with input resource synergy for improved production and sustainability.