TITLE:
Transforming Growth Factor and the Role of Epigenetic Aberrancies in Oncogenic Amplifications: A New Perspective in Preventive and Therapeutic Arena
AUTHORS:
M. Nezami, S. Hager, R. Shirazi
KEYWORDS:
Tumor Onco-Promotor, Gene Mutations, Gene Amplifications, Epigenetics Multi Targeted Epigenetic Therapies
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Cancer Therapy,
Vol.14 No.9,
September
28,
2023
ABSTRACT: Three genetic mechanisms activate oncogenes in human neoplasms: 1) mutations, 2) gene amplification,
and 3) chromosome rearrangements. These mechanisms
result in either an alteration of protooncogene structure or an increase in protooncogene expression. The role of epigenetic
aberrancies in carcinogenesis has been
described earlier however to clinicians, the biological implications of epigenetic therapies to prevent cancer and the mechanisms involved have been a mystery. Furthermore, there is no biomarker suggested
to track the carcinogenesis steps long before cancer develops, and
this has caused a significant lack of proactive
and preventive measures to be taken as all recommendations in preventive oncology are either deficiently and blindly made or through screening methods which are too late
in the game. Here we explored a very different approach by applying our deepest
understanding of epigenetics and carcinogenesis and even further we developed a
framework where our clinical findings could translate to the research and vice versa
by generating advanced and novel hypotheses on “how we get cancer”, by exploring the relation between
the host and the tumor cells in a way no one had perceived
before. The role of specific cancer stem cell
pathways is dissected and how to inhibit each of these initiators using multitargeted
epigenetic therapies and off-label medications
are explained. We should admit that without considering
this sophisticated amazing biological network, cancer will remain an unsolved challenge.
Further, we were able to solve this unsolved puzzle by bridging
the gap from a hypothetical point of view/hypothesis to possibilities that explain the clinical findings we had observed, and conclude
that such an approach can completely change the way practitioners are treating cancer.