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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: A Study of Detection of Outliers for Working and Non-Working Days Air Quality in Kolkata, India: A Case Study

  AUTHORS: Mohammad Ahmad, Weihu Cheng, Zhao Xu, Abdul Kalam

  KEYWORDS: Statistical Process Control, Functional Data Analysis, Fuzzy C Means, Outliers, Air Quality

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol.14 No.8, August 28, 2023

  ABSTRACT: A variety of factors affect air quality, making it a difficult issue. The level of clean air in a certain area is referred to as air quality. It is challenging for conventional approaches to correctly discover aberrant values or outliers due to the significant fluctuation of this sort of data, which is influenced by Climate change and the environment. With accelerating industrial expansion and rising population density in Kolkata City, air pollution is continuously rising. This study involves two phases, in the first phase imputation of missing values and second detection of outliers using Statistical Process Control (SPC), and Functional Data Analysis (FDA), studies to achieve the efficacy of the outlier identification methodology proposed with working days and Nonworking days of the variables NO2, SO2, and O3, which were used for a year in a row in Kolkata, India. The results show how the functional data approach outshines traditional outlier detection methods. The outcomes show that functional data analysis vibrates more than the other two approaches after imputation, and the suggested outlier detector is absolutely appropriate for the precise detection of outliers in highly variable data.