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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Non-Stationary Trend Change Point Pattern Using 24-Hourly Annual Maximum Series (AMS) Precipitation Data

  AUTHORS: Masi G. Sam, Ify L. Nwaogazie, Chiedozie Ikebude

  KEYWORDS: Precipitation, Data Series, Trend Analysis, Mann-Kendall Test, Change Point

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol.14 No.8, August 8, 2022

  ABSTRACT: This paper mainly investigated the basic information about non-stationary trend change point patterns. After performing the investigation, the corresponding results show the existence of a trend, its magnitude, and change points in 24-hourly annual maximum series (AMS) extracted from monthly maximum series (MMS) data for thirty years (1986-2015) rainfall data for Uyo metropolis. Trend analysis was performed using Mann-Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope estimator (SSE) used to obtain the trend magnitude, while the trend change point analysis was conducted using the distribution-free cumulative sum test (CUSUM) and the sequential Mann-Kendall test (SQMK). A free CUSUM plot date of change point of rainfall trend as 2002 at 90% confidence interval was obtained from where the increasing trend started and became more pronounced in the year 2011, another change point year from the SQMK plot with the trend intensifying. The SSE gave an average rate of change in rainfall as 2.1288 and 2.16 mm/year for AMS and MMS time series data respectively. Invariably, the condition for Non-stationary concept application is met for intensity-duration-frequency modeling.