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https://doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(93)90009-8

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Three-Dimensional Velocity Distribution Measurement Using Ultrasonic Velocity Profiler with Developed Transducer

  AUTHORS: Naruki Shoji, Hiroshige Kikura, Hideharu Takahashi, Wongsakorn Wongsaroj

  KEYWORDS: Doppler Frequency, Liquid Velocity, Three-Dimensional Measurement, Transducer Design, Ultrasonic

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization, Vol.10 No.1, January 14, 2022

  ABSTRACT: This study describes an ultrasonic velocity profiler that uses a new ultrasonic array transducer with unique 5-element configuration, with all five elements acting as transmitters and four elements as receivers. The receivers are designed to reduce the amount of uncertainty. As the fluid moves through this setup, four Doppler frequencies are obtained. The multi-dimensional velocity information along the measurement line can be reconstructed. The transducer has a compact geometry suitable for a wide range of applications, including narrow flow areas. The transducer’s basic frequency and sound pressure are selected and evaluated to be compatible with the application. First, to confirm the measurement ability, the measurement of the developed system in two-dimensional flow is validated by comparing it to the theoretical data. The uncertainty of measurement was within 15%. Second, the three-dimensional measurement in turbulent and swirling flow is proved experimentally to check the applicability of the proposed technique.