FDA (Food and Drug Administration) (2016) Deeming Tobacco Products to Be Subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as Amended by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; Restrictions on the Sale and Distribution of Tobacco Products and Required Warning Statements for Tobacco Products. Federal Register, 81, 28973-29106.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Levels of Chemical Toxicants in Waterpipe Tobacco and Waterpipe Charcoal Solid Waste

  AUTHORS: Jason R. Hsieh, Megan L. Mekoli, Ronald L. Edwards Jr.

  KEYWORDS: Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents, Charcoal, Waterpipe, Metals, Tobacco Product Waste

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol.12 No.11, November 26, 2021

  ABSTRACT: This work provides insights on waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal as potential sources of environmental toxicants. Selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) from ten U.S. commercial waterpipe tobacco filler products (before and after electric heating) and five waterpipe charcoal products (before and after burning) were investigated. The differences in quantities of HPHCs between the evaluated products appear to be affected by raw material properties and/or the manufacturing processes involved in product production. Trace metal quantities in waterpipe tobacco and charcoal products were observed after heating or burning conditions compared to unheated or unburned conditions, which could impact the environment through the generation of toxic tobacco product waste. This study demonstrates that waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal contain substantial quantities of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and trace metals (i.e., selenium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel) before use and that extensive and varied changes in trace metal quantities take place as a result of heating, and more studies are needed to estimate the magnitude of the environmental impact of waterpipe tobacco use.