TITLE:
Central Force Optimization with Gravity
AUTHORS:
Richard A. Formato
KEYWORDS:
Yagi, Yagi-Uda, Array, Antenna, Antenna Design, Optimization, Central Force, Central Force Optimization, CFO, CFO-GED, Negative Gravity, Elitism, Dynamic Threshold Optimization, DTO, Dynamic, Threshold, Metaheuristic, Evolutionary Computation
JOURNAL NAME:
Wireless Engineering and Technology,
Vol.12 No.4,
October
29,
2021
ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the effect of adding three extensions to Central
Force Optimization when it is used as the Global Search and Optimization method
for the design and optimization of 6-elementYagi-Uda arrays. Those extensions are Negative Gravity, Elitism, and Dynamic Threshold Optimization. The basic CFO heuristic does not include any
of these, but adding them substantially
improves the algorithm’s performance. This paper extends the work reported
in a previous paper that considered only negative gravity and which showed a significant performance improvement over
a range of optimized arrays. Still better results are obtained by adding
to the mix Elitism and DTO. An overall improvement in best
fitness of 19.16% is achieved by doing so. While the work reported here was
limited to the design/optimization of 6- element
Yagis, the reasonable inference based on these data is that any antenna
design/optimization problem, indeed any Global Search and Optimization problem, antenna or not, utilizing Central
Force Optimization as the Global Search and Optimization engine will
benefit by including all three extensions, probably substantially.