Timms, B.V., Booth, C, Newman, M and McCann, J. (2020) The Ecology of Gnammas (Weathering Pits) on the Stanthorpe Plateau, Northern New England Tablelands, with Special Reference to the Clam Shrimp Paralimnadia urukhai (Webb and Bell)(Crustacea: Branchiopda: Spinicaudata). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 124, 7-28.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Pan Gnammas (Weathering Pits) across Australia: Morphology in Response to Formative Processes

  AUTHORS: Brian V. Timms

  KEYWORDS: Corrosion, Water Layer Weathering, Laminations, Visors

  JOURNAL NAME: International Journal of Geosciences, Vol.12 No.10, October 27, 2021

  ABSTRACT: Pan gnammas occur across Australia, mainly in granites and sandstones. Their morphology and origins on Eyre Peninsula, South Australia are known, but this Twidale model is not applicable everywhere. I investigated their morphology and theorized on their origins at eight sites across the continent, noting particularly their edge profiles, floors and depths in relation to their geological placement. The steep sides, flat floors, depths up to about 25 cm in laminated granites apply only in the hot climates of Western Australia and South Australia. Laminations are rare in Victorian granites, so their pan gnammas have sloped edges and are not as deep (ca. 10 cm) and in the granitic uplands of southeast Queensland, corrosion at the edge is concentrated to a narrow zone and most gnammas are only ca. 5 cm deep. Gnammas in horizontal sandstones in New South Wales and Queensland have steep or sloping edges and reach ca 10 cm deep but in dipping sandstones of the Grampians, Victoria horizontality of corrosion has produced visors at pan edges. The vertically bedded Uluru sandstones have enabled deeper corrosion and pans of different morphology. Regional depth variation has biological consequences.