TITLE:
Optimization of Cowpea Dry Grain Yield through the Stimulation of the RNA Synthetic Activity of NADH-Glutamate Dehydrogenase
AUTHORS:
Godson O. Osuji, Paul M. Johnson, Wenceslaus C. Madu
KEYWORDS:
Stoichiometric Mineral Salt Mixes, Glutamate Dehydrogenase Cycle, Photosynthesis, Nodulation, Vicilin, Double Grain Yields, Food Security
JOURNAL NAME:
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
Vol.12 No.1,
January
28,
2021
ABSTRACT: Several potentially practical biochemical processes
in plant systems still remain hidden,
especially the NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) synthesis of nongenetic
code-based RNA that optimizes crop nutritious yield by degrading superfluous
genetic code-based RNA. In continued
characterization of the biochemistry of cowpea grain yield, GDH was purified by
electrophoresis from seeds of cowpea treated with solutions of stoichiometric
mixes of mineral salts. The GDH was made to synthesize RNAs in the amination
(α-KG/NADH/) and then in the deamination (L-Glu/NAD+)
direction. The initial product RNAs were captured and sequenced. The grand
challenge was to discover the specific molecular roles of the redox enzyme in
the optimization of cowpea grain yields. In the amination direction, the GDH
hexamers synthesized plus-RNA, but in the deamination direction, they synthesized minus-RNA. The plus-RNAs and minus-RNAs were homologous
to about the same numbers of different mRNAs encoding the key enzymes that
regulate photosynthesis; saccharide biochemistry and glycolysis; phenylpropanoid
biosynthesis; nodulation nitrogen fixing
processes; dehydrin drought and glutathione environmental stress resistance
processes; purine, pyrimidine, DNA, RNA and
essential amino acid biosynthesis; storage protein vicilin accumulation;
isoflavone earliness of cowpea maturity; peroxidase synthesis of lignin and
sequestration of CO2 to enrich soil organic carbon contents;
triglyceride physiology in the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds that render
cowpea resistant to insects and fungi; etc., all of which constitute the GDH chemical pathways
for discrimination of biochemical, physiological, metabolic, genetic reactions;
and optimization of cowpea dry grain yields. Each stoichiometric mix of mineral
salts produced optimally yielding
biochemical variant of purple hull cowpea; the K + K + K mix was spectacular because it increased the grain
yield to 7598 kg from the 3644 kg·ha-1 in the control cowpea.
Optimized nutritious staple crop yield buttresses food security. The synthesis
of plus-RNA in amination and minus-RNA in deamination is an economic tactical
plan in biochemistry for the selection of superfluous mRNAs that would be
degraded to assure the survival of cowpea growing under unfavorable
environmental conditions.