Article citationsMore>>
Flato, G., Marotzke, J., Abiodun, B., Braconnot, P., Chou, S.C., Collins, W., Cox, P., Driouech, F., Emori, S., Eyring, V., Forest, C., Gleckler, P., Guilyardi, E., Jakob, C., Kattsov, V., Reason, C. and Rummukainen, M. (2013) Evaluation of Climate Models. In: Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V. and Midgley, P.M., Eds., Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Chapter 9, 741-866.
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter09_FINAL.pdf
has been cited by the following article:
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TITLE:
Long-Term Behaviour of Temperature in the Lower Atmosphere of Niamey a West African Tropical Station
AUTHORS:
Pétronille Kafando, Bruno Korgo, Madé Fodé
KEYWORDS:
Global Warming, West Africa, Tropical Troposphere, Tropical Lower Stratosphere, QBO, El Niño, La Niña
JOURNAL NAME:
Atmospheric and Climate Sciences,
Vol.11 No.1,
January
25,
2021
ABSTRACT: This paper highlights the global warming of the lower atmosphere of West African tropical area using in-situ data. The study is based on the analysis of 500-m interval vertical profiles of radiosonde temperature above Niamey (13.47°N; 2.16°E) a sub-Saharan meteorological station. The annual cycle of surface temperatures shows seasonally two peaks located in April/May and in October and two minimum in December/January and August respectively. In the mid-troposphere (between 5 km and 10 km height), time series of monthly mean temperatures from January 2001 to December 2018, shows an annual variability with a slight downward trend of -0.036°C per decade. In the lower stratosphere (25 - 30 km altitude) a cooling of -0.64°C/decade is observed. Temperatures time series also highlight the presence of two breaking points associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. When performing a separation regarding Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) time series, model parameters of the linear regression indicate a tropospheric warming during the neutral and La Niña phases and a stratospheric cooling. The analysis of the lower stratosphere zonal wind highlights different behaviours of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) during the neutral and La Niña phases.
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