TITLE:
A Complete Set of 22 Elementary Particles for an Expanded Standard Model (Version 2)
AUTHORS:
Daniel E. Friedmann
KEYWORDS:
Elementary Particles, Standard Model, Beyond the Standard Model, Dark Matter Particles, Dark, Higgs
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.7 No.9,
September
27,
2020
ABSTRACT:
Our best understanding of how the known elementary particles and three of the forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong) are related to each other and explain the nature and behavior of matter is encapsulated in the Standard Model of particle physics. However, the Standard Model is incomplete as it fails to explain a number of phenomena. The Standard Model relies on a set of elementary particles which are also known to be incomplete. This paper presents a complete set of elementary particles to serve as the basis for an expanded Standard Model. The set of elementary particles contains all known elementary particles and 6 extra elementary particles which relate only to mass and gravity. They include the graviton, a Higgs-like particle (but 6.13 times heavier than the Higgs), 2 heavy dark matter particles and 2 light dark matter particles for a total of 22 elementary particles (the W and Z bosons are seen as manifestations of a single entity).