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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Biodegradation of Dispersed Oil Does Not Induce Toxicity at Environmentally-Relevant Concentrations

  AUTHORS: Roger C. Prince, Bryan M. Hedgpeth, Aaron D. Redman, Josh D. Butler

  KEYWORDS: Oil Spills, Dispersants, Biodegradation, Acute Toxicity, Hopane, Americamysis bahia

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Marine Science, Vol.9 No.3, July 17, 2019

  ABSTRACT: Applying dispersants to spilled crude oil results in an oil in water dispersion of microscopic oil droplets that soon dilutes to levels below 1 ppm oil. These levels are substantially below those known to induce acute toxicity in 96-hour tests. We show here that oil hydrocarbons are biodegraded very rapidly in such situations (50% loss in 4 days in this experiment), and that no increase in acute toxicity to mysids (Americamysis bahia) is seen during this biodegradation, or over the following 20 days as the oil is further degraded (78% loss of detectable hydrocarbons in this experiment).