Bhide, A., Acharya, G., Bilardo, C.M., Brezinka, C., Cafici, D., Hernandez Andrade, E., Kalache, K., Kingdom, J., Kiserud, T., Lee, W., Lees, C., Leung, K.Y., Malinger, G., Mari, G., Prefumo, F., Sepulveda, W. and Trudinger, B. (2013) ISUOG Practice Guidelines: Use of Doppler Ultrasonography in Obstetrics. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 41, 233-239.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Effect of Fetal Movements and Fetal Breathing on Fetal Middle Cerebral Artery Pulsatility Index Measurement

  AUTHORS: Anirudh Badade, K. Khatal, Amar Bhide

  KEYWORDS: Variation of Fetal MCA PI, Fetal MCA Doppler, Fetal Movements, Fetal Breathing, Antenatal Doppler, Cerebral Sparing Effect

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol.8 No.4, April 16, 2018

  ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of fetal movements on the MCA pulsatility index (PI) and quantify the fall of MCA PI after initiation of fetal movements and/or breathing, and the time taken to recover from a fall below the 5th percentile. Methods: 16 women with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses and 16 women with small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses were recruited. MCA PI during “no movement” state was compared with MCA PI values during fetal body movements and breathing movements. Results: MCA PI measurements with body or breathing movements were significantly (p 0.005) lower as compared to that observed without movements. MCA PI started rising immediately after cessation of body movements and/or breathing movements. Conclusions: MCA PI with fetal body or breathing movements is significantly lower as compared to that observed in the quiet state. If MCA PI measurement is below 5th centile, it should be measured again up to 90 seconds after cessation of fetal body and/or breathing movements in order to minimize false positive diagnosis of cerebral sparing effect in SGA as well as AGA fetuses.