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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Insomnia Symptoms and Sleep Duration Are Associated with Impaired Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Children

  AUTHORS: Sol M. Rodríguez-Colón, Fan He, Michele L. Shaffer, Xian Li, Alexandros N. Vgontzas, Edward O. Bixler, Rongling Wu, Duanping Liao

  KEYWORDS: Insomnia Symptoms, Sleep Duration, Cardiac Autonomic Modulation, Heart Rate Variability, Population-Based Study

  JOURNAL NAME: Neuroscience and Medicine, Vol.2 No.3, September 28, 2011

  ABSTRACT: Limited population-based data from children are available to investigate the associations between insomnia and sleep duration in relationship to impaired cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM). Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the cross-sectional associations between insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, and CAM in a population-based sample of children. All 616 children were randomly selected from Central Pennsylvania to participate in a one-night polysomnography (PSG) study in a sleep laboratory. The Pediatric Behavior Scale was used to assess parent-reported insomnia. Sleep duration was assessed objectively by PSG. CAM was measured by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis of 9-hour-beat-to-beat RR intervals. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the association between insomnia, sleep duration and HRV. The mean (SD) age was 9.2 (1.7) years, with 25.5% non-white and 48.9% male. After adjusting for age, race, gender, BMI percentile, %REM sleep, apnea-hypopnea-index, sleep latency, and sleep efficiency, the means(SE) of HRV indices were lower in children with insomnia than in children without: 6.56 (0.07) vs. 6.78 (0.04) m2 on logHF, respectively; and 6.47 (0.06) vs. 6.61 (0.03) m2 on logLF, respectively (all P