Zhao, L.W., Griggs, B.F., Chen, C.L. and Gratzl, J.S. (1994) Utilization of Softwood Kraft Lignin as Adhesive for the Manufacture of Reconstituted Wood. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 14, 127-145.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02773819408003090

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Reinforcement of Lignin-Based Phenol-Formaldehyde Adhesive with Nano-Crystalline Cellulose (NCC): Curing Behavior and Bonding Property of Plywood

  AUTHORS: Zhenbo Liu, Yaolin Zhang, Xiangming Wang, Denis Rodrigue

  KEYWORDS: Lignin-Based Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin (LPF), Nano-Crystalline Cellulose (NCC), Curing Behavior, Bonding Properties, Plywood

  JOURNAL NAME: Materials Sciences and Applications, Vol.6 No.6, June 26, 2015

  ABSTRACT: The curing behavior of lignin-based phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resin with different contents of nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different heating rates (5, 10 and 20°C/min) and the bonding property was evaluated by the wet shear strength and wood failure of two-ply plywood panels after soaking in water (48 hours at room temperature and followed by 1-hour boiling). The test results indicated that the NCC content had little influence on the peak temperature, activation energy and the total heat of reaction of LPF resin at 5 and 10°C/min. But at 20°C/min, LPF0.00% (LPF resin without NCC) showed the highest total heat of reaction, while LPF0.25% (LPF resin containing 0.25% NCC content) and LPF0.50% (LPF resin containing 0.50% NCC content) gave the lowest value. The wet shear strength was affected by the NCC content to a certain extent. With regard to the results of one-way analysis of variance, the bonding quality could be improved by NCC and the optimum NCC content ranged from 0.25% to 0.50%. The wood failure was also affected by the NCC content, but the trend with respect to NCC content was not clear.