NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, Japan Broadcasting Corporation, Ed. (2011) Data Book on National Time Use Survey in 2010. NHK Publishing, Tokyo. (In Japanese)

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Economic and Environmental Effects of Installing Distributed Energy Resources into a Household

  AUTHORS: Akito Ozawa, Yoshikuni Yoshida

  KEYWORDS: Household, PV, Fuel Cell, Battery, Mixed Integer Programming

  JOURNAL NAME: Low Carbon Economy, Vol.6 No.2, June 15, 2015

  ABSTRACT: Improving energy efficiency in the residential sector is a pressing issue in Japan. This study examines the economic and environmental impacts of introducing the following distributed energy resources: photovoltaics (PV), a fuel cell, and a battery. We estimate electricity and hot water demand profiles of a household by using simulated living activities. Electric power from a residential PV system is also calculated from the observed solar radiation. By using mixed integer programming, we perform a cost minimization operating simulation of a residential PV, fuel cell, and battery. The result suggests that we can create a net-zero energy house by installing both a PV system and a fuel cell into one house. On the other hand, using a battery with a fuel cell increases the household energy cost, and has few effects on CO2 emission reduction.