Zhidkov, A.G., Sasaki, A., Tajima, T., Auguste, T., D’Olivera, P., Hulin, S., Monot, P., Faenov, A.Y., Pikuz, T.A. and Skoobelev, I.Y. (1999) Direct Spectroscopic Observation of Multiple-Charged-Ion Acceleration by an Intense Femtosecond-Pulse Laser, Physical Review E, 60,3273-3278.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.60.3273

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Studies of Electron Energy Distribution Function (EEDF) in Lithium Vapor Excitation at 2S→3D Two-Photon Resonance

  AUTHORS: Mohamed A. Mahmoud, Kholoud A. Hamam

  KEYWORDS: Two-Photon Resonance Excitation, Laser, Lithium, Collisional Ionization, Energy Pooling Photoionization, Electron Energy Distribution Function

  JOURNAL NAME: Optics and Photonics Journal, Vol.4 No.8, August 22, 2014

  ABSTRACT: We have developed a computational model which quantitatively studies the Electron Energy Distribution Function (EEDF) in laser excited lithium vapor at 2s→3d two-photon resonance. A kinetic model has been constructed which includes essentially all the important collisional ionization, photoionization, electron collisions and radiative interactions that come into play when lithium vapor (density range 1013- 1014 cm-3) is subject to a sudden pulse of intense laser radiation (power range 105- 106 W·cm-2) at wavelength 639.1 nm and pulse duration 20 ns. The applied computer simulation model is based on the numerical solution of the time-dependent Boltzman equation and a set of rate equations that describe the rate of change of the formed excited states populations. Using the measured values for the cross-sections and rate coefficients of each physical process considered in the model available in literature, relations are obtained as a function of the electron energy and included in the computational model. We have also studied the time evolution and the laser power dependences of the ion population (atomic and molecular ions) as well as the electron density which are produced during the interaction. The energy spectra of the electrons emerging from the interaction contains a number of peaks corresponding to the low-energy electrons produced by photoionization and collisional ionization such as assosicative and Penning ionization processes. The non-equilibrium shape of these electrons occurs due to relaxation of fast electrons produced by super-elastic collisions with residual excited lithium atoms. Moreover, a reasonable agreement between McGeoch results and our calculations for the temporal behaviour of the electron density is obtained.