TITLE:
Anthelminthic Activity of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts Evaluated in Vitro on Four Developmental Stages of Haemonchus contortus from Goats
AUTHORS:
Gertrude Mbogning Tayo, Josué Wabo Poné, Marie Claire Komtangi, Jeannette Yondo, Alidou Marc Ngangout, Mpoame Mbida
KEYWORDS:
Moringa oleifera, Ovicidal, Larvicidal, Haemonchus contortus, Goats, Cameroon
JOURNAL NAME:
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
Vol.5 No.11,
May
23,
2014
ABSTRACT:
Haemonchus
contortus is a blood-sucking abomasal helminth of small
ruminants responsible for major economic losses to small farmers worldwide.
Widespread resistance to synthetic anthelminthics has stimulated a need for
alternative strategies of parasite control, among which is the use of medicinal
plants with natural anthelminthic properties. This study assessed in vitro the efficacy of infused and macerated aqueous extract as well ethanolic extract
of Moringa oleifera against fresh
eggs, embryonated eggs, L1 and L2 larvae of H. contortus. For this purpose, five different
concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5 mg/ml) were prepared from dry
extracts via serial dilutions with distilled water. Fresh eggs obtained from
artificially infected goat feces were exposed to these different concentrations
for 48 hours, while embryonated eggs and larvae were exposed for 6 and 24 hours
respectively. Distilled water and 1.5% DMSO were used as negative control. The
results were expressed in terms of mean inhibition percentage of egg embryonation,
mean inhibition percentage of egg hatch and mean percentage of larval
mortality. An overview of results revealed that ethanolic leaf extract of M. oleifera was most efficient on eggs
by inhibiting 60.3% ± 8.2% and 92.8% ±
6.2% eggs embryonation at 3.75 and 5 mg/ml respectively with a significant
difference (P 0.05), which contributed to obtaining the lowest LC50 value of 0.985 mg/ml. This extract also inhibited 99% ± 2% egg hatching of H. contortus at 5 mg/ml with an LC50 value of 1.7 mg/ml. Concerning activity on larvae, the ethanolic extract was
also most potent against them by inducing 98.8% ± 2.5% and 100% ± 0% mortality
of L1 and L2 larvae at 5 mg/ml respectively. Infused
aqueous extract was more efficient on eggs than on larvae with an IC50 value less than 2 mg/ml and an LC50 value more than 3.5
mg/ml. Macerated aqueous extract showed good activity against the four
developmental stages with LC50 values ranging from 2.08 mg/ml for L2 larvae to 2.92 mg/ml for L1 larvae and 2.37 to 2.52 mg/ml for
embryonated and fresh eggs respectively. The current study showed that all
three extracts of M. oleifera tested
possessed potential ovicidal and larvicidal activities against H. contortus. However, further in vivo studies are necessary to
validate the anthelminthic property of this plant.