M. Melino, V. L. Gadd, G. V. Walker, R. Skoien, H. D. Barrie, D. Jothimani, L. Horsfall, A. Jones, M. J. Sweet, G. P. Thomas, A. D. Clouston, J. R. Jonsson and E. E. Powell, “Macrophage Secretory Products Induce an Inflammatory Phenotype in Hepatocytes,” World Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 18, No. 15, 2012, pp. 1732-1744.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i15.1732

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Aged Garlic Extract and One of the Constituent, (+)-(2S,3R)-Dehydrodiconiferyl Alcohol, Inhibits Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Induced by Inflammation Factors in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

  AUTHORS: Takahiro Yamakawa, Toshiaki Matsutomo, Thomas Hofmann, Yukihiro Kodera

  KEYWORDS: Vascular Smooth Muscle; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aged Garlic Extract; Dehydrodiconiferyl Alcohol

  JOURNAL NAME: Food and Nutrition Sciences, Vol.5 No.2, January 20, 2014

  ABSTRACT: Previous clinical study showed that aged garlic extract (AGE) has a preventive effect of vascular calcification in patients with coronary artery diseases. It has been reported that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and inflammatory cells including macrophages and lymphocytes migrate to sub-intimal region where atherosclerotic plaques are formed, and VSMC can differentiate into osteoblast-like cells, which are represented by the induction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). We found that primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) showed the increased ALP activity, when cultured in the medium containing ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate, dexamethasone (IM), and supplemented with conditioned medium from macrophages (MCM). Then we tested the effect of AGE subdivided fractions and several compounds found in AGE, and then found that ((+)-(2S,3R)-Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol, a dilignol compound existed in hydrophobic fraction of AGE, inhibited ALP activity in HCASMC.