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Bah, A., Diakite, I., Maiga, A., Sidibe, B.Y., Konaté, M., Saye, Z., Kelly, B., Koné, T., Konate, S., Doumbia, A.A., Traore, B., Karembe, B., Diakite, M.L., Traoré, A.A., Diarra, A., Mangane, M.I., Almeimoune, A.H., Dembélé, B.T., Traoré, A., Kanté, L. and Togo, A.P. (2020) Torsion of Ovarian Tumor in the Elderly: About a Case.
Surgical Science,
11, 69-73. doi:
10.4236/ss.2020.114009.
1. Introduction
The ovarian tumor is an uncontrolled proliferation of cells at the expense of ovarian tissue. Adnexal Torsion is an uncommon pathology, but the gonadal risk is the same as for testicular torsion [1] [2]. It can be benign with a good prognosis or, on the contrary, malignant requiring adjuvant treatment to surgery. In all cases, it can be complicated by torsion, producing a surgical emergency scene, especially in elderly women exposed to defects. We report a case that we received in emergency for an acute surgical abdomen. The aim of our study was to display our management approach of ovarian tumor torsion in an elderly person.
2. Observation
It was a 68-year-old female patient with no known particular pathological history. She was urgently received for painful abdominal distension of sudden onset, evolving since 48 hours with a type of intense, fixed, permanent torsion accompanied by nausea, urinary type of pollakiuria. Moreover, she reported having similar states that quickly resolved. On physical examination, the abdomen was distended, asymmetrical by the presence of a median pelvic arching, regular, firm and heightened sensibility on mobilization. On pelvic contact, the uterus was atrophic, the pelvis was filled with a mass of fixed aspect and painful with non-lateralized mobilization. The lymph node areas were free and the rest of the examination was unremarkable. We thus put forward the diagnostic hypothesis of:
• Torsion of ovarian tumor
• Mesenteric tumor
The abdomino-pelvic ultrasound revealed a large tumor at the expense of the left ovary in the process of necrobiosis (Figure 1 and Figure 2).
The diagnosis of torsion of ovarian tumor was accepted.
Once the surgical indication was given, we performed a median laparotomy below the umbilical under general anesthesia. At the cœliotomy, the exploration permitted to reveal a voluminous left ovarian tumor having undergone a twist to 3 turns of the coil adhering to the sigmoid and to the uterine fundus measuring 15 cm in diameter (Figure 3 and Figure 4). The uterus was normal and so was the rest of the exam. We performed a left annexectomy with simple hemostatic control. The histology of the operating piece was in favor of an unilocular fibro-inflammatory and hemorrhagic cyst without vegetation referring to serous cystadenoma.
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Figure 1. Ultrasonographic picture of left ovarian tumor torsion.
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Figure 2. Ultrasonographic picture of left ovarian torsion tumor.
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Figure 3. Preoperative of ovarian torsion tumor.
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Figure 4. Postoperative specimen of ovarian torsion tumor.
The surgical outcome was simple, and patient discharging was approved at 3rd post-operative day. At 24 months follow-up, any clinical and para-clinical complication wasn’t recorded.
3. Discussion
The discovery of an adnexal mass in the post-menopausal period is a frequent situation and involves about 15% to 20% of this population, of which one-third constitutes malignant tumors [3]. In the literature, ovarian malignant tumor involves 36.8% of women after menopause [4]. Torsion is a common mechanical complication of the ovarian tumor. Compared to gonadal risk, all types of torsion don’t involve the same gravity [5] [6]. The ovarian cyst is the prerogative of women of childbearing age. Any increase in the weight of the adnex can also cause the tender to twist. Thus, ovarian cysts, particularly dermoids, predispose to adnexal torsion and are the main etiology. The incidence of adnexal torsion in women with benign cystic teratomas is 3.5%. Benign ovarian cysts are the most common cause of torsion than ovarian cancer; these latters have tendancy to invade adjoining tissues. Interviewing will endeavor to search for severe pain with abrupt onset. However, the abrupt onset mode is inconsistent and reportedly lacking in half of patients. The location of lumbar pain could be explained by sensory innervation of the ovary. This lumbar irradiation can however be a source of confusion with differential diagnoses of urological origin. In almost 70% of cases of tender torsion, there are signs associated with nausea and vomiting. They may be related to a vagal reflex secondary to the intensity of the pain or to peritoneal irritation. Diagnostic of adnexal torsion remains a challenge, due to poor specifity of its semiology [7]. The specificity of computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is greater than 90% [8]. CT and MRI are more characteristic. They reveal a large irregular tumor of mixed appearance, the solid part consisting of numerous calcifications with coarse contours and disseminated fatty tissue [9]. The preoperative diagnosis of adnexal torsion is difficult as the literature draws. Clinical examination using pelvic examinations reveals a lateral uterine mass in more than half of the cases [10]. The presence of a lateral uterine mass is noted in 41% to 70% of cases on clinical examination. The presence of peritoneal irritation is found when the adnexa becomes necrotic. In the various series studying the efficiency of the preoperative diagnosis, it is only accurate in 23% to 66% of cases, while the suspicion of an adnexal torsion requires emergency surgery [11]. In the event of suspicion of adnexal torsion, surgical laparoscopic exploration is recommended in emergency [7]. If diagnostic is confirmed, adnexectomy is recommended in menopause women. According to some series, the occurrence of adnexal torsion respectively involves 4.5% and 5.2% of patients; these patients clinically present acute surgical abdomen manifestation which is further confirmed by surgical exploration [12] [13].
This would be explained by a great disparity in the pattern of the disease behaviour. There is no correlation between hyperleukocytosis and tissue necrosis. The diagnosis of certainty of adnexal torsion can only be affirmed intraoperatively, whether by laparoscopy or laparotomy. In the absence of a contraindication, laparoscopy should be the preferred route, including in the event of pregnancy. Treatment must be quick and depends on the histological type [14] [15].
4. Conclusion
Torsion of the adnexa is a frequent complication of ovarian tumor; its diagnosis requires reliable knowledge of its semiology. In recent years, the contribution of new diagnostic methods is of benefit to medical professional for quick and accurate diagnosis. When diagnosing, adnexal torsion demands emergency care.