Test Method of Laser Detection Sensitivity Based on Every Pulse Measurement and Rearrangement ()
1. Introduction
Some key technical indices of laser receiving device such as scatter intercept radius and working distance, is closely related to detection sensitivity. When testing and appraising the performance of laser receiving device, it is firstly recommended to test detection sensitivity, then to simulate and evaluate the key technical indices such as scatter intercept radius and working distance, using mathematic model. This method combining test with model has many prominent merits, such as being independent of outside conditions, saving time and money, etc. It is also able to evaluate the use effect in different situation and varying weather. These varying test and evaluation are conducive to a comprehensive and accurate assessment of the performance of laser receiving equipment. Above of all, it’s extremely important to test the detection sensitivity accurately.
2. Present Situation and Improvement of Sensitivity Test
Traditional test method of detection sensitivity is a direct test method [1] [2] [3], you can adjust the laser power density received by laser receiving device through changing attenuation, until the detection probability is equal to specified value. Now the current laser power density is detection sensitivity. But traditional test method have two disadvantages: the first is finite adjusting range and precision of laser power density, which caused by attenuation devices, the second is the difficulty to look after both test precision and speed.
Ma et al. put forward a test method of detection sensibility based on detection probability curve. By changing the attenuation in ascending order, you can make detection probability to decrease gradually from 100% to 0%. Meanwhile, it’s needed to measure the laser power density received by laser receiving device. It’s recommended to use beam splitter when without high sensitivity power meter. As a result, you can get a curve. The horizontal axis is incident laser power density, the ordinate is detection probability. Then you can get the detection sensitivity from the curve through the specified detection probability.
Ma’s method [4] is superior to the traditional test method, but it need a high stability laser at least. Usually the output pulse energy/power instability standard deviation of solid laser fluctuates between 5% and 10%. It may not be able to largely avoid the error of detection probability caused by laser instability.
To further improve the accuracy of the laser receiving detection probability curve test, we can start from two aspects: construction of accurate measurement devices and improvement of measuring method. The main technical measures includes four aspects:
1) Construction of high stability laser. The output energy instability of 1.06 μm pulse laser is usually 5% - 10% (RMS), few can reach 3% - 5% (RMS), but it is difficult to further increase the laser stability in short term.
2) Possessing of high sensitive measurement capability. The two is a high sensitive measurement of weak laser. Due to the high sensitivity of the laser receiving equipment, it generally requires the laser power measuring device with high sensitivity in test. There are few commercial laser probe available today, so it requires specialized fabrication.
3) Possessing of precise continuous fast attenuation capability.
Besides the high stability laser source, precise continuous fast attenuation capability is also needed to fully meet the rapid and accurate detection probability curve measurement requirements. The traditional absorption attenuation slice combination mode has low adjusting speed and finite step. It needs new method to realize precise continuous fast attenuation, for example, polarization attenuation.
4) Innovation of measuring method and data processing method. In order to accurately measure the laser receiving detection probability curve, it needs not only accurate measurement instruments, but also innovative design on method. It’s necessary to innovate measuring method and data processing method.
Therefore, in order to further improve measurement accuracy, this paper presents a new method of measuring pulse on detection probability curve one by one.
3. Test Method
The new test method of laser detection probability curve mainly includes test system construction, test layout, test process and so on.
3.1. Test System Construction
The measuring equipments needed in new test method include 1.06 μm pulse laser, precise continuous attenuator, high sensitivity laser energy meter, precise timing measuring equipment, laser diffuse reflection plate, fast photodetector, oscilloscope and so on.
1.06 μm pulse laser provides light source to test. Precise continuous attenuator adjusts the laser energy illuminating laser receiving deivce. High sensitivity laser energy meter is used to measure the laser power density at the laser receiving device. Accurate timing measurement device can real-time measure relative time information of laser pulse and laser waring device outputs. Laser diffuse reflection board can reflect laser beam, forming a wide coverage on receiving window. Fast photodetector and oscilloscope is used to measure laser pulse width.
Traditional method uses beam splitting and calibrating to finish test. New test method can finish test detectly with precise equipment mentioned above.
3.2. Test Layout
The test layout of new test method was shown in Figure 1.
Laser receiving device was leveled and placed on the normal of reflection board when testing. High sensitivity laser energy meter had the same position with laser waring device, aiming at the center of reflection board. 1.06μm pulse laser aimed at the center of reflection board too. Precise continuous attenuator was lay in front of pulse laser.
One input channel of accurate timing measurement device was connected with fast photodetector to measure every transmitted pulse’s arriving time. Another input channel of accurate timing measurement device was connected with the output of laser receiving device to measure warning pulse’s arrival time.
3.3. Equations
1) All test devices were powered and booted. Each device was loaded suitable working parameters. Laser transmitted laser pulse, and other equipments received corresponding signals. Laser receiving equipment received laser pulse and sent out warning rusult of every pulse. High sensitivity laser energy meter measured every pulse’s energy density. Precise timing measurement equipment measured the numbers and timing of transmitted pulse and warning pulse. Meanwhile, detection probability was counted.
2) Changing the attenuation with the appropriate step and repeating test, we can make detection probability to decrease gradually from 100% to 0%, during which the ratio named c between the variation named dp and the variation named dA remains unchanged. Here dp is the variation of detection probability of the adjacent test points, dA is the variation of attenuation. The relation among them can be shown as Formula (1).
(1)
3) Laser pulse width τ was measured by fast photodetector and oscilloscope.
3.4. Data Processing Method
1) Laser energy density can be converted to power density by Formula (2).
(2)
2) Relationship is established between the measured power density of each transmitted laser pulse and the corresponding alarm result (whether alarm).
3) All the pulse power density are arranged in ascending order, formating a longer data space. With the appropriate principle, he long data space is divided into a plurality of adjacent sub space. The detection probability is counted in each sub space, and the power density of each subspace is averaged.
4) The statistics data is processed by nonlinear regression analysis with error function. The regression parameters are calculated. Regression equation, confidence and regression effect are counted and evaluated. Detection probability curve is drawn. The regression equation is shown as Formula (3).
(3)
5) The laser power density at the specified detection probability can be predicted by the regression equation, so the detection sensitivity is obtained.
4. Comparison of Test Results
Compared with the traditional test method, the main innovation of this method is to reduce the error greatly caused by the output jitter of the light source.
According to the standard rules [5], pulse laser output energy instability can be calculated as this: laser pulse energy Qi is measured n (n ≥ 10) times in same interval. Average Q is calculated. We can find out the maximum value and minimum value of Qmax, Qmin. Energy variation ΔQ and energy standard deviation Qσ can be obtained according to the Formula (4) and Formula (5).
(4)
(5)
Laser output energy instability SQ and output energy instability standard deviation δQσ can be counted according to the Formula (6) and Formula (7).
(6)
(7)
Onetest results are disposed respectively by traditional method and this method. The disposed results are shown in Table 1.
The following Figure 2 is an instability comparison of 800 laser pulses energy density disposed by traditional method and this method.
From above analysis, we can find out that laser output energy instability is reduced from 6.57% to 0.67% by this method. The final result is equivalent to using a very stable laser source, the influence of laserinhibitory is restrained effectively.
![]()
Table 1. Comparison of the results disposed by traditional method and this method.
![]()
(a)![]()
(b)
Figure 2. Instability comparison of traditional method and this method. (a) Original instability: 6.57%; (b) Instability disposed by this method: 0.67%.
5. Conclusions
Compared with the traditional test method, the innovation of this paper is mainly embodied in the following two points:
1) This method uses precise timing measurement equipment to measure pulse emission time and alarm information simultaneously, the corresponding relationship is established between each transmitted pulse and alarm result.
2) Using the method of subsection statistics, all test data are rearranged and segmented, the unfavorable influence of laser output energy source instability is effectively restrained.
These methods above can effectively improve the test accuracy of the laser detection probability curve, and provide a basis for the subsequent use of mathematical simulation methods to accurately evaluate the key technical indicators, such as the radius of interception and the working distance.