N-Rotating Loop-Soliton Solution of the Coupled Integrable Dispersionless Equation ()
1. Introduction
During the past several years, the study of coupled nonlinear evolution Equations has played an important role in explaining many interesting phenomena, like electromagnetic wave propagation in impurity media, water waves, pulse in biological chains and so on [1] [2] [3] . At the same time, the coupled integrable dispersionless system (CIDE) has attracted much interest in view of its wide range of application in various fields of mathematics, physics, applied mathematics, theory of quantum and theory of conformal maps on the complex plane [4] [5] [6] [7] . The CIDE, has first been presented by Konno and Oono in Ref. [8] based on a Lie-group
, and its generalization based on the Lie-group
are examples of such system [7] [9] [10] , which have attracted great deal of interest because of its nice integrability structure and soliton solution. Based on this standpoint, the solitons show loop shapes in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. The angular momentum conservation law can be derived from the Equations of motion of the string such that we can expect rotating loop solitons.
So far, several successful methods have been developed to obtain explicit solution for soliton Equations, such as the Inverse Scattering Transformation (IST) [1] [11] [12] , Bäcklund and Darboux Transformations [13] [14] , the Hirota’s method [15] [16] , the Wronskian and Cassoratian techniques [17] [18] , the Algebra geometric method [19] and so on. Among these methods, the Hirota’s bilinear method has been proven to be an efficient and direct approach to construct soliton solutions to nonlinear evolution Equations via the bilinear forms from the dependent variables transformation.
In Ref [8] , Konno and Oono have presented the well known CIDE
(1)
where Equation (1) describes the current-fed within an external magnetic field [20] . In Equation (1), q, r, and s are all functions of x and t, the subscripts denote partial derivatives with respect to the space-like and time-like variables respectively.
The aim of this work is to verify if the congestion, due to the displacement of a great number of soliton will modify the conservation properties observed for the case of two solitons. Indeed, we provide the explicit expression of the N-Rotating loop soliton solution to the CIDE for the general positive integer
and to illustrate our general result, we discuss particular cases of N. Thus the following paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we summarize the transformation of the CIDE Equation (1) into an Equation in bilinear form. In section 3, we give the full expression of the N-Rotating loop soliton solution and we illustrate our results by considering in detail the cases of
and we end this work with a brief summary.
2. Hirota’s Bilinearization of the CIDE
Let us consider the following setting [20] [21] [22]
(2)
which inserted into Equation (1) gives
(3)
where
stands to be the vector position of the string,
is the constant electric current [23] . In Equation (3) the factor
can be interpreted as the Lorentz force acting on effective internal current,
can be considered as an internal electric current and
is a correction term induced by the motion of string to
. Equation (3) can therefore represent a current-fed string interacting with the external magnetic field
which satisfies the two Maxwell’s Equations
and
. Using the boundary condition
for
, we bilinearize Equation (3) as
(4)
using the transformation
(5)
where
denotes the Hirota’s derivative [15] [16] . Now, expanding Q and F as series
(6)
Substituting the expansion into the above bilinear Equations, we find that there are only even order terms of
in the first Equation while odd order terms in the second one. Arranging the coefficients at each order of
, we have
(7)
It is then possible to obtain at the required order the required number of soliton solutions by determining the full expansion of F and Q.
3. Rotating one and Two-Loop Soliton Solution
In this section, we derive the rotating solitons i.e., solutions that the Z component of the angular momentum is a conserved quantity. In order to construct one-rotating soliton solution, we take
(8)
where
. Substituting it into Equation (7), limiting our interest to the terms of
,
, we obtain
(9)
the first part of Equation (9) standing for the dispersion relation and the coeffi-
cient
is giving by
. This show that the expansion can be
truncated as the finite sum
(10)
Absorbing the parameter
into the phase constant
gives the one-ro- tating soliton solution of the CIDE as it is depicted in Figure 1.
Next, we choose the solution of Equation (7) while limiting our interest to the terms of
,
to be
(11)
where the phase
and the dispersion relation
with
. From Equation (7) we have
(12)
where
Figure 1. From left to right panels rotating one-loop soliton solution to the CIDE Equation (1): For left we depict at times
(blue color), t = 0 (red color) and t = 30 (black color) corresponding to three moving states, with
and the computed angular velocities of such wave is
, respectively.
(13)
According to the above analysis, the two-rotating soliton solution is obtained when we substitute Equations (11)-(13) into Equation (5) as it is depicted in Figure 2.
Generally we can conjecture the N-rotating soliton solution as
(14)
where the phase
and the dispersion relation
with
.
(15)
(16)
Figure 2. From left to right panels rotating two-loop soliton solution to the CIDE Equation (1): For right we depict at times
(blue color), t = 0 (red color) and t = 30 (black color) corresponding to three moving states, with
,
and the computed angular velocities of such wave is
and
, respectively.
where
denotes the maximum integer which does not exceed N,
indicate the summation over all possible combinations of m elements from N and (m) indicates the product of all possible combinations of m elements with
. Using the real parameters, we write the phase into two parts as
(17)
where the real parts and imaginary parts of the parameters
and
are obtained using the dispersion relation as
(18)
here,
and
are the phase velocity and the angular velocity of the soliton, which respect the following condition
(19)
Now, let us consider two simple cases:
and
.
・ Case N = 3
We then write the following expressions of F and Q with all coefficients, where
. This leads to the three-rotating soliton solution depicted in Figure 3.
Figure 3. From left to right panels rotating three-loop soliton solution to the CIDE Equation (1): For left we depict at times
(blue color), t = 0 (red color) and t = 30 (black color) corresponding to three moving states, with
,
,
and the computed angular velocities of such wave is
,
,
, respectively.
(20)
(21)
・ Case N = 4
In this case the four-rotating soliton solution is obtain by
(22)
(23)
Figure 4 gives the depiction of the four-rotating soliton solutions to the CIDE.
4. Summary and Discussion
In this work, we have investigated the CIDE under the view-point of Hirota’s bilinearization. Investigating its one- and two-soliton solution, we have come to propose a generalization of such solution to explicit N-soliton solution of the same system. As a matter of illustration, we have provided explicit expressions of 3- and 4-soliton solutions to the CIDE, and have provided figures to enforce our results. In this figures it has appeared clearly that the solution exhibit particle character, since they interact elastically. Since the CIDE is of many physical implications, the N-soliton solution we have obtained is helpful in understanding the propagation of waves in some media such as the propagation electric field in optical fibers, since in Ref. [22] has provided the relation that link the CIDE and the short pulse system. In this work, we have not gone deeply in studying the interaction process between solitons. Such a study will help understand better the interaction process that occurs during the propagation of such waves in some media including optical fibers.
Figure 4. From left to right panels rotating four-loop soliton solution to the CIDE Equation (1): For right we depict at times
(blue color),
(red color) and
(black color) corresponding to three moving states, with
,
,
,
and the computed angular velocities of such wave is
and
,
,
respectively.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the anonymous referees for their critical comments and appropriate suggestions which have made this paper more precise and readable.