Equilibrium Study for Reactive Extraction of Caproic Acid in Mibk and Xylene

Kailas L. Wasewar, Diwakar Z. Shende

.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India.

DOI: 10.4236/eng.2011.38101                

Abstract

The recovery of caproic acid from the aqueous stream is of practical relevance due to its market value and the stringent environmental standards. The profound success of reactive extraction has been noted in the recovery of carboxylic acids from dilute solutions. In present paper, equilibrium of caproic acid with aliquat-336, a quaternary amine compound, in xylene and Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) has been studied. Equilibrium parameters such as distribution coefficients, loading ratio, degree of extraction and equilibrium complexation constants have been presented. The data obtained is useful in understanding the equilibrium characteristics and efficient design of the recovery process of caproic acid by reactive extraction.

Keywords

Caproic Acid, Reactive Extraction, Aliquat-336, Xylene, MIBK

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	M. N. Ingale and V. V. Mahajani, “Recovery of Butyric Acid, Valeric Acid, and Caproic Acid (BVC Acids) from an Aqueous Waste Stream Using Tributylphosphate (TBP) as an Extrac-tant,” S.E.P. Technologies, Vol. 4, No. 4, 1994, pp. 252-257.
[2]	O. Weyeneth, “Process for the Production of Synthetic Ester Oil out of Waste Liquor of Caprolactam Plant,” Chemical Age of India, Vol. 26, 1975, pp. 321-323.
[3]	W. R. Kencaly, Y. Cao and P. J. Weimer, “Production of Caproic Acid by Cocultures of Ruminal Cellulolytic Bacteria and Clos-tridium Kluyveri Grown on Cellulose and Ethanol,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 44, No. 3-4, 1995, pp. 507-513. doi:10.1007/BF00169952
[4]	J. M. Wardell and C. J. King, “Solvent Equilibria for Extraction of Carboxylic Acids from Water,” Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1978, pp. 144-148. doi:10.1021/je60077a009
[5]	R. Wen-nersten, “Extraction of Carboxylic Acid from Fermentation Broth Using Solution of Tertiary Amine,” Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, Vol. 33-B, 1983, pp. 85-94.
[6]	A. S. Kertes and C. J. King, “Extraction Chemistry of Fermentation Product Carboxylic Acids,” Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1986, pp. 269-282. doi:10.1002/bit.260280217
[7]	S. T. Yang, S. A. White and S. T. Hsu, “Extraction of Carboxylic Acids with Tertiary and Quaternary Amines,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 30, No. 6, 1991, pp. 1335-1342. doi:10.1021/ie00054a040
[8]	C. J. King, “Amine-Based Systems for Carboxylic Acid Recovery: Tertiary Amines and the Proper Choice of Diluent Allow Extraction and Recovery from Water,” Chemtech, Vol. 5, 1992, pp. 285-291.
[9]	S. Kumar, K. L. Wasewar and B. V. Babu, “Intensification of Nicotinic Acid Separation using Organophosphorous Solvating Extractants by Reactive Extraction,” Chemical Engineering and Technology, Vol. 31, No. 11, 2008, pp. 1584-1590. doi:10.1002/ceat.200800245
[10]	A. Keshav and K. L. Wase-war, “Back Extraction of Proponic Acid from Loaded Organic Phase,” Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 65, No. 9, 2010, pp. 2751-2757. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2010.01.010
[11]	A. Keshav, K. L Wasewar and S. Chand, “Reactive Extraction of Propionic Acid Using Trin-octylamine,” Chemical Engineering Communications, Vol. 197, 2010, pp. 606-626. doi:10.1080/00986440903249015
[12]	A. Keshav, K. L Wasewar and S. Chand, “Extraction of Propionic Acid from Model Solutions: Effect of pH, Salts, Substrate, and Temperature,” AIChE Journal, Vol. 55, No. 7, 2009, pp. 1705-1711. doi:10.1002/aic.11780
[13]	A. Keshav, K. L Wasewar and S. Chand, “Extraction of Acrylic, Propionic and Butyric Acid Using Aliquat 336 in Oleyl Alcohol: Equilibria and Effect of Temperature,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 48, No. 2, 2009, pp. 888-893. doi:10.1021/ie8010337
[14]	K. L. Wasewar, A. B. M. Heesink, G. F. Versteeg and V. G. Pangarkar, “Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid Using Alamine 336 in MIBK: Equilibria and Ki-netics,” Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 97, No. 1, 2002, pp. 59-68. doi:10.1016/S0168-1656(02)00057-3
[15]	K. L. Wasewar, A. B. M, Heesink, G. F. Versteeg and V. G. Pangarkar, “Equilibria and Kinetics for Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid Using Alamine 336 in Decanol,” Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, Vol. 77, No. 9, 2002, pp. 1068-1075. doi:10.1002/jctb.680
[16]	K. L. Wasewar, A. Yawalkar, J. Moulijn and V. G. Pangarkar, “Fermentation of Glucose to Lactic Acid Coupled with Reactive Extraction: A Review,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 43, No. 19, 2004, pp. 5969-5982. doi:10.1021/ie049963n
[17]	K. L. Wa-sewar, A. B. M, Heesink, G. F. Versteeg and V. G. Pangarkar, “Intensification of Conversion of Glucose to Lactic Acid: Equilibria and Kinetics for Back Extraction of Lactic Acid Using Trimethylamine,” Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 59, No. 11, 2004, pp. 2315- 2320. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2003.11.023
[18]	K. L. Wasewar, “Separa-tion of Lactic Acid: Recent Advances,” Chemical and Bio-chemical Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2005, pp. 159-172.
[19]	H. K. Gaidhani, K. L. Wasewar and V. G. Pan-garkar, “Intensification of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Penicil-lin-G: 1. Equilibria and Kinetics of Extraction of Phenyl Acetic Acid by Alamine 336,” Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 57, 2002, pp. 1979-1984. doi:10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00078-7
[20]	Y. D. Wang, Y. X. Li, Y. Li, J. Y. Wang, Z. Y. Li and Y. Y. Dai, “Extraction Equilibria of Monocarboxylic Acids with Trialkylphosphine Oxide,” Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 46, No. 4, 2001, pp. 831-837. doi:10.1021/je000381w
[21]	M. N. Ingale and V. V. Mahajani, “Recovery of Carboxylic Acids, C2-C6, from an Stream Using Tributylphosphate (TBP): Effect Aqueous Waste of Presence of Inorganic Acids and Their Sodium Salts,” S.E.P. Technologies, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1996, pp. 1-7.
[22]	A. Senol, “Liquid–liquid Equilibria for Ternary Systems of (Water + Carboxylic Acid + 1-Octanol) at 293.15 K: Modeling of Phase Equilibria Using a Solvatochromic Approach,” Fluid Phase Equilibria, Vol. 227, No. 1, 2005, pp. 87-96. doi:10.1016/j.fluid.2004.10.029
[23]	G. Kyuchoukov, M. Marinova, J. Albet and J. Molinier, “New Methods for the Extraction of Lactic Acid by Means of Modi-fied Extractant (Aliquat 336),” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 43, No. 5, 2004, pp. 1179-1184. doi:10.1021/ie030325z