[1]
|
Zhang, C., Li, X., Li, P., Lin, X., Li, Q. and Gong, Z. (2008) Biodegradation of Aged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Microbial Consortia in Soil and Slurry Phases. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150, 21-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.040
|
[2]
|
Thorsen, W., Cope, W.G. and Shea, D. (2004) Bioavailability of PAHs: Effects of Soot Carbon and PAH Source. Environmental Science & Technology, 38, 2029-2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0306056
|
[3]
|
Al-Azawey, A.N., Salman, J.M. and Hassan, F.H. (2014) Biogeochemical Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), PAHs Biogeochemical Accumulation in Environments. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, 222 p.
|
[4]
|
ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Regestery) (1996) Toxoprofile by Chemical with NITS, Atlanta.
|
[5]
|
Salman, J.M., Al-Azawey, A.S.N. and Hassan, F.M. (2014) The Study of Pollution of PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in Al-Hilla River, Iraq by Using Bioindicator Freshwater Crab (Sesarma boulengeri Calman). Journal of Life Sciences, 8, 351-357.
|
[6]
|
Nabatilan, M.M. (2006) Enhanced Degradation of Phenanthrene and Benzo(a) Pyrene in a Field-Contaminated Sediment Inhabited by Ilyodrilus Templetoni: A Microcosm Study. M.Sc. Thesis, University of the Philippines.
|
[7]
|
Warren, N., Allan, I.J., Carter, J.E., House, W.A. and Parker, A. (2003) Pesticides and Other Micro-Organic Contaminants in Freshwater Sedimentary Environments—A Review. Applied Geochemistry, 18, 159-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00159-2
|
[8]
|
Salt, D.E., Smith, R.D. and Raskin, I. (1998) Phytoremediation. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 49, 643-668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.643
|
[9]
|
Prasad, M.N.V., Greger, M. and Aravind, P. (2005) Biogeochemical Cycling of Trace Element by Aquatic and Wetland Plants: Revelance to Phytoremediation. In: Prasad, M.N.V., Kenneh, S. and Naidi, R., Eds., Trace Elements in Environment: Biogeochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioremediation, CRC Press.
|
[10]
|
Mohan, B.S. and Hosetti, B.B. (1999) Aquatic Plants for Toxicity Assessment. Environmental Research, 81, 259-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1999.3960
|
[11]
|
Al-Kenzawi, M.A.H. (2009) Seasonal Changes of Nutrient Concentrations in Water of Some Locations in Southern Iraqi Marshes, After Restoration. Baghdad Science Journal, 6, 711-718.
|
[12]
|
Jones, K.C., Stratford, J.A., Tidridge, P., Waterhouse, K.S. and Johnston, E. (1989) Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an Agricultural Soil: Long-Term Changes in Profile Distribution. Journal of Environmental Pollution, 56, 337-351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(89)90079-1
|
[13]
|
Salanitro, J.P., Dorn, P.B., Huesemann, M.H., Moore, K.O., Rhodes, I.A., Rice-Jackson, L.M., Vipond, T.E., Western, M.M. and Wisniewski, H.L. (1997) Crude Oil Hydrocarbon Bioremediation and Soil Ecotoxicity Assessment. Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 1769-1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960793i
|
[14]
|
ASTM (1998) Standard Guide for Conducting Terrestrial Plant Toxicity Tests. In: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 11.05. E1963-98, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, 20.
|
[15]
|
Byl, T.D. and Klaine, S.J. (1991) Peroxidase Activity as an Indicator of Sublethal Stress in the Aquatic Plant Hydrilla verticillata (Royal). In: Gorsuch, J.W., Lower, W.R., Wang, W. and Lewis, M.A., Eds., Plants for Toxicity Assessment, Volume 2, American Society for testing and Materiala, STM STP 1115, West Conshohocken, 101-106.
|
[16]
|
Plewa, M.J. (1991) The Biochemical Basis of the Activation of Promutagens by Plant Cell Systems. In: Gorsuch, J.W., Lower, W.R., Wang, W. and Lewis, M.A., Eds., Plants for Toxicity Assessment, Volume 2, American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM STP 1115, West Conshohocken, 287-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp19523s
|
[17]
|
Babu, T.S., Marder, J.B., Tripuranthakan, S., Dixon, D.G. and Greenberg, B.M. (2001) Synergistic Effects of a Photo-Oxidized PAH and Copper on Photosynthesis and Plant Growth: Evidence That Active Oxygen Formation Is a Mechanism of Copper Toxicity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20, 1351-1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200626
|
[18]
|
Huang, X.D., Dixon, D.G. and Greenberg, B.M. (1993) Impacts of UV Irradiation and Photooxidation on the Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to the Higher Plant Lemna gibba L. G3 (Duckweed). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 12, 1067-1077.
|
[19]
|
Huang, X.D., Glick, B.R. and Greenberg, B.M. (2001) Combining Remediation Techniques for Removal of Persistent Organic Contaminants from Soil. In: Greenberg, B.M., Hull, R.N., Roberts Jr., M.H. and Gensemer, R.W., Eds., Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Volume 10, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken.
|
[20]
|
Duxbury, C.L., Dixon, D.G. and Greenberg, B.M. (1997) The Effects of Simulated Solar Radiation on the Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by the Duckweed Lemna gibba. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 16, 1739-1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160824
|
[21]
|
Thomas, G., Sweetman, A.J., Ockenden, W.A., Mackay, D. and Jones, K.C. (1998) Air-Pasture Transfer of PCBs. Environmental Science and Technology, 32, 936-942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970761a
|
[22]
|
Hassan, F.M., Salman, J.M., Al-Azawey, A.S.N., Al-Ansari, N. and Kutsson, S. (2014) Quality, Quantity and Origin of PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in Lotic Ecosystem of Al-Hilla River, Iraq. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 8, 1026-1038.
|
[23]
|
Kayal, S. and Conell, D.W. (1995) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Biota from the Brisbane River Estuary, Australia. Estuarine, 40, 475-493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1995.0033
|
[24]
|
Malhat, F.M., Nasr, I.N., Arief, M.H. and Abdel-Aleem, A.H. (2010) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Aquatic Environment at El Menofiya Governorate. Egypt Journal of Applied Science Research, 6, 13-21.
|
[25]
|
Berset, J.D., Ejem, M., Holzer, R. and Lischer, P. (1999) Comparison of Different Drying, Extraction and Detection Techniques for the Determination of Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Background Contaminated Soil Samples. Analytica Chimica Acta, 383, 263-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00817-4
|
[26]
|
Maskaoui, K., Zhou, J.L., Hong, H.S. and Zhang, Z.L. (2002) Contamination by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Jiulong River Estuary and Western Xiamen Sea, China. Environmental Pollution, 118, 109-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00208-1
|
[27]
|
Sanders, M., Sivertsen, S. and Scott, G. (2002) Origin and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Superficial Sediments from the Savannah River. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 43, 438-448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-1232-1
|
[28]
|
Doong, R. and Lin, Y. (2004) Characterization and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminations in Surface Sediment and Water from Gao-Ping River, Taiwan. Water Research, 38, 1733-1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.042
|
[29]
|
Cal-EPA (1996) Soil Screening Guidance: User’s Guide. Second Edition, Technical Support Document for Describing Available Cancer Potency Factors, Office of Environmental Emergency and Remedial Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
|
[30]
|
Ikhajiagbe, B., Anoliefo, G.O., Omoregbee, O. and Osigbemhe, P. (2014) Changes in the Intrinsic Qualities of a Naturally Attenuated Waste Engine Oil Polluted Soil after Exposure to Different Periods of Heat Shock. Resources and Environment, 4, 45-53.
|
[31]
|
EPA (1993) Provisional Guidance for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. EPA/600/ R-93/089, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati.
|
[32]
|
Qiao, M., Wang, C., Huang, S., Wang, D. and Wang, Z. (2006) Composition, Sources, and Potential Toxicological Significance of PAHs in the Surface Sediments of the Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China. Environment International, 32, 28-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2005.04.005
|
[33]
|
Sirece, M.A., Marty, J.C., Saliot, A., Aparicio, X., Grimalt, J. and Albaiges, J. (1987) Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Different Sized Aerosols over Mediterranean Sea: Occurrence and Origin. Atmosphere Environment, 21, 2247-2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90356-8
|
[34]
|
Markert, B.A., Breure, A.M. and Zechmeister, H.G., Eds. (2003) Bioindicators and Biomonitors. Elsevier, Oxford, 977p.
|
[35]
|
Habeeb, M.A., Al-Bermani, A.K. and Salman, J.M. (2015) Environmental Study of Water Quality and Some Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Aquatic Macrophytas in Lotic Ecosystem, Iraq. Mesopotamia Environment Journal, 1, 66-84.
|
[36]
|
Al-Taee, M.M.S. and Witwit, R.T.A. (2015) Evaluation of Antioxidant Enzyme Activities during Phytoremediation of Textile Waste Water Exposed of Structurally Different Dyes by Some Aquatic Plants. Mesopotamia Environment Journal, 1, 35-65.
|
[37]
|
Prasad, M.N.V. (2008) Aquatic Plants for Phytotechnology. In: Prasad, M.N.V., Ed., Metals in the Environment: Analysis by Biodiversity, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 259.
|
[38]
|
Adriano, D.C., Wenzel, W.W., Vangronsveld, J. and Bolan, N.S. (2004) Role of Assisted Natural Remediation in Environmental Cleanup. Geoderma, 122, 121-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.003
|
[39]
|
Brix, H. and Schierup, H.H. (1989) The Use of Macrophytes in Water-Pollution Control. Ambio, 18, 100-107.
|
[40]
|
Kiedrzynska, E., Wagner, I. and Zalewski, M. (2008) Quantification of Phosphorus Retention Efficiency by Floodplain Vegetation and a Management Strategy for a Eutrophic Reservoir Restoration. Ecological Engineering, 33, 15-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.10.010
|
[41]
|
Ulrich, K.E. and Burton, T.M. (1985) The Effects of Nitrate, Phosphate, and Potassium Fertilization on Growth and Nutrient Uptake Patterns of Phragmites australis. Aquatic Botany, 21, 53-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(85)90095-6
|
[42]
|
Greenway, M. and Woolley, A. (1999) Constructed Wetlands in Queensland: Performance Efficiency and Nutrient Bioaccumulation. Ecological Engineering, 12, 39-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(98)00053-6
|
[43]
|
Ruiz, M. and Velasco, J. (2010) Nutrient Bioaccumulation in Phragmites australis: Management Tool for Reduction of Pollution in the Mar Menor. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 205, 173-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0064-2
|
[44]
|
Aravind, P. and Prasad, M.N.V. (2005) Zinc Mediated Protection to the Conformation of Carbonic Anhydrase in Cadmium Exposed Ceratophyllum demersum L. Plant Science, 69, 245-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.03.028
|
[45]
|
Esteves, B.D.S. and Suzuki, M.S. (2010) Limnological Variables and Nutritional Content of Submerged Aquatic Macrophytes in a Tropical Lagoon. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 22, 187-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2010000200008
|
[46]
|
Williams, R., Meares, J. and Brooks, L. (1994) Priority Pollutant PAH Analysis of Incinerator Emission Particles Using HPLC and Optimized Fluorescence. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 54, 299-314.
|
[47]
|
Rogge, W.F., Hildemann, L.M. and Mazurek, M.A. (1993) Sources of Fine Organic Aerosol. 2. Noncatalyst and Catalyst-Equipped Automobiles and Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks. Environmental Science & Technology, 27, 636-651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00041a007
|
[48]
|
Santodonato, J. (1981) Polycyclic Organic Matter. Journal of Environmental Pathology & Toxicology, 5, 1-364.
|
[49]
|
EHC-202 (Environmental Health Criteria) (1998) Selected Non-Heterocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon. International Program on Chemical Safety.
|
[50]
|
Eisler, R. (1987) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Hazards to Fish, Wildlife and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. US Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report, 85, 81.
|
[51]
|
Irwin, R.J. (1997) Environmental Contaminants Encyclopedia, PAHs Entry. National Park Service.
|
[52]
|
Sims, R.C. and Overcash, M.R. (1983) Fate of Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds (PNAs) in Soil-Plant Systems. Residue Reviews, 88, 1-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5569-7_1
|
[53]
|
Thomas, W. (1984) Statistical Models for the Calculation of PAH, Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Trace Metals in Epiphytic Hypnum cupressiforme. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 22, 351-371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282607
|
[54]
|
Edwards, N.T. (1988) Assimilation and Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Vegetation—An Approach to This Controversial Issue and Suggestions for Future Research. In: Cook, M. and Dennis, A.J., Eds., Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Decade of Progress, Battelle Press, Columbus, 211-229.
|
[55]
|
Alfani, A., Nicola, F.D., Maisto, G. and Pratim, M.V. (2005) Long-Term PAH Accumulation after Bud Break in Qurrcus ilex L. Leaves in Polluted Environment. Atmospheric Environment, 39, 307-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.001
|
[56]
|
Al-Taee, M.M.S. (2010) Distribution and Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surficial Sediment from Shatt Al-Hilla River/Iraq. Marsh Bulletin, 5, 43-55.
|
[57]
|
Fisher, S.W. (1995) Mechanisms of Bioaccumulation in Aquatic Systems. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 142, 87-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4252-9_4
|
[58]
|
Sheedy, B.R., Mattson, V.R., Cox, J.S., Kosian, P.A., Phipps, G.L. and Ankley, G.T. (1998) Bioconcentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by the Freshwater Oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. Chemosphere, 36, 30-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00007-1
|
[59]
|
Lee, R.R., Sauerheber, R. and Dobbs, G.H. (1972) Uptake, Metabolism and Discharge of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Marine Fish. Marine Biology, 17, 201-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366294
|
[60]
|
Wild, S.R. and Jones, K.C. (1991) Studies of the Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content of Carrots (Daucus carota). Chemosphere, 23, 243-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(91)90110-Y
|