Quantum molecular dynamics simulation formultifragmentation resulting from an expandingnuclear matter

Atef Abdel-hafiez, M. A. Khalifa, A. Abd El-Daiem

.

DOI: 10.4236/ns.2011.37082                

Abstract

Quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) is used to investigate multifragmentation resulting from an expanding nuclear matter. Equation of state, the structure of nuclear matter and symmetric nu-clear matter is discussed. Also, the dependence of the fragment mass distribution on the initial temperature (Tinit) and the radial flow velocity (h) is studied. When h is large, the distribution shows exponential shape, whereas for small h, it obeys the exponentially falling distribution with mass number. The cluster formation in an expanding system is found to be different from the one in a thermally equilibrated system. The used Hamiltonian has a classical kinetic energy term and an effective potential term composed of four parts.

Keywords

Quantum Molecular Dynamics, Multifragmentation

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	J. Schmelzer, G. Ro¨pke, and F.-P. Ludwig, Phys. Rev. C 55, 1917 [1997].
[2]	A. Strachan and C. O. Dorso, Phys. Rev. C 59, 285 [1999].
[3]	M. L. Gilkes et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1590 [1994].
[4]	P. F. Mastinu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2646 [1996].
[5]	M. Petrovici et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 5001 [1995].
[6]	W. Reisdorf et al., Nucl. Phys. A612, 494 [1997].
[7]	S.Das Gupta, A.Z.Mekjian and B.Tsang, Advances in Nuclear Physics, V26, 89, 2001 (J.Negele and E.Vogt, editors).
[8]	I. N. Mishustin, Nucl. Phys. A630, 111c [1998].
[9]	M. Belkacem, V. Latora, and A. Bonasera, Phys. Rev. C 52, 271 [1995].
[10]	M. Colonna and Ph. Chomaz, Phys. Lett. B 436, 1 [1998].
[11]	P. Finocchiaro, M. Belkacem, T. Kubo, V. Latora, and A. Bonasera, Nucl. Phys. A600, 236 [1996].
[12]	A. Ohnishi and J. Randrup, Phys. Lett. B 394, 260 [1997].
[13]	Y. Sugawa and H. Horiuchi, Phys. Rev. C 60, 064613 [1999].
[14]	M. Colonna and Ph. Chomaz, Phys. Rev. C 49, 1908 [1994], and references therein.
[15]	V. Baran, M. Colonna, M. Di Toro, and A. B. Larionov, Nucl. Phys. A632, 287 [1998].
[16]	A. Guarnera, M. Colonna, and Ph. Chomaz, Phys. Lett. B 373, 267 [1996].
[17]	S. Ayik, M. Colonna, and Phys. Lett. B 353, 417 [1995].
[18]	C. O. Dorso, S. Duarte, and J. Randrup, Phys. Lett. B 188, 287 [1987] .
[19]	T. Maruyama, K. Niita, K. Oyamatsu, T. Maruyama, S. Chiba, and A. Iwamoto, Phys. Rev. C 57, 655 [1998].
[20]	Toshiki Maruyama, Koji Niita, Kazuhiro Oyamatsu, Tomoyuki Maruyama, Satoshi Chiba and Akira Iwamoto, Phys. Rev.C, Vol.57, No.2 [1998].
[21]	Shinpei Chikazumi, Toshiki Maruyama, Satoshi Chiba, Koji Niita, and Akira Iwamoto, phys. Rev.C 63, 024602[2001].
[22]	B. L. Holian and D. E. Grady, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1355 [1988].
[23]	W. Reisdorf et al., Nucl. Phys. A612, 494 [1997]