[1]
|
Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations (2011) World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, Highlights and Advance Tables. United Nations, Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP.220.
|
[2]
|
Evans, L.T. (1998) Feeding the Ten Billion—Plants and Population Growth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
|
[3]
|
Godfray, H.C.J., Beddington, J.R., Crute, I.R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J.F., et al. (2010) Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 Billion People. Science, 327, 812-818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1185383
|
[4]
|
Vitousek, P.M., Aber, J.D., Howarth, R.W., Likens, G.E., Matson, P.A., Schindler, D.W., et al. (1997) Human Alteration of the Global Nitrogen Cycle: Sources and Consequences. Ecological Applications, 7, 737-750.
|
[5]
|
Galloway, J.N., Dnetener, F.J., Capone, D.G., Boyer, E.W., Howarth, R.W., Seitzinger, S.P., et al. (2004) Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future. Biogeochemistry, 70, 153-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-0370-0
|
[6]
|
MacDonald, J.G. and Nielsen, D.R. (1978) Nitrogen in the Environment. Volume 1: Nitrogen Behaviour in Field Soil. Academic Press.
|
[7]
|
Lehmann, J. and Rondon, M. (2006) Bio-Char Soil Management on Highly Weathered Soils in the Humid Tropics. In: Uphoff, N., Ed., Biological Approaches to Sustainable Soil Systems, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 517-530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420017113.ch36
|
[8]
|
Lehmann, J. and Joseph, S. (2009) Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. Earthscan, London.
|
[9]
|
Woolf, D., Amonette, J.E., Street-Perrott, F.A., Lehmann, J. and Joseph, S. (2010) Sustainable Biochar to Mitigate Global Climate Change. Nature Communications, 1, Article No. 56.
|
[10]
|
Lehmann, J., da Silva Jr., J.P., Steiner, C., Nehls, T., Zech, W. and Glaser, B. (2003) Nutrient Availability and Leaching in an Archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon Basin: Fertilizer, Manure and Charcoal Amendments. Plant and Soil, 249, 343-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022833116184
|
[11]
|
Major, J., Rondon, M., Molina, D., Riha, S.J. and Lehmann, J. (2010) Maize Yield and Nutrition during 4 Years after Biochar Application to a Columbian Savanna Oxisol. Plant and Soil, 333, 117-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0327-0
|
[12]
|
Knowles, O.A., Robinson, B.H., Contangelo, A. and Clucas, L. (2011) Biochar for Mitigation of Nitrate Leaching from Soil Amended with Biosolids. Science of the Total Environment, 409, 3206-3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.011
|
[13]
|
Clough, T.J., Condron, L.M., Kamman, C. and Muller, C. (2013) A Review of Biochar and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics. Agronomy, 3, 275-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3020275
|
[14]
|
Zheng, H., Wang, Z., Deng, X., Herbert, S. and Xing, B. (2013) Impacts of Adding Biochar on Nitrogen Retention and Bioavailability in Agricultural Soil. Geoderma, 206, 32-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.04.018
|
[15]
|
Liu, X., Zhang, A., Joseph, C.J.S., Bian, R., Li, L., Pan, G. and Paz-Ferreiro, J. (2013) Biochar’s Effect on Crop Productivity and the Dependence on Experimental Conditions—A Meta-Analysis of Literature Data. Plant and Soil, 373, 583-594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1806-x
|
[16]
|
Beesley, L., Moreno-Jiménez, E., Gomez-Eyles, J.L., Harris, E., Robinson, B. and Sizmur, T. (2011) A Review of Biochars’ Potential Role in the Remediation, Revegetation and Restoration of Contaminated Soils. Environmental Pollution, 159, 3269-3282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.07.023
|
[17]
|
Spokas, K.A., Cantrell, K.B., Novak, J.M., Archer, D.W., Ippolito, J.A., Collins, H.P., et al. (2012) Biochar: A Synthesis of Its Agronomic Impact beyond Carbon Sequestration. Journal of Environmental Quality, 41, 973-989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0069
|
[18]
|
Van Zwieten, L., Kimber, S., Morris, S., Chan, K., Downie, A., Rust, J., et al. (2010) Effects of Biochar from Slow Pyrolysis of Papermill Waste on Agronomic Performance and Soil Fertility. Plant and Soil, 327, 235-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0050-x
|
[19]
|
Smith, J.L., Collins, H.P. and Bailey, V.L. (2010) The Effect of Young Biochar on Soil Respiration. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 42, 2345-2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.09.013
|
[20]
|
Gray, N.F. (1999) Water Technology: An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers. Arnold, London, 548 p.
|
[21]
|
Bhatnagar, A. and Sillanpaa, M. (2010) Utilization of Agro-Industrial and Municipal Waste Materials as Potential Adsorbents for Water Treatment: A Review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157, 277-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.01.007
|
[22]
|
Yao, Y., Gao, B., Zhang, M., Inyang, M. and Zimmermann, A.R. (2012) Effect of Biochar Amendment on Sorption and Leaching of Nitrate, Ammonium, and Phosphate in a Sandy Soil. Chemosphere, 89, 1467-1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.002
|
[23]
|
Dempster, D.N., Gleeson, D.B., Solaiman, Z.M., Jones, D.L. and Murphy, D.V. (2012) Decreased Soil Microbial Biomass and Nitrogen Mineralisation with Eucalyptus Biochar Addition to a Coarse Textured Soil. Plant and Soil, 354, 311-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-1067-5
|
[24]
|
Hollister, C.C., Bisogni, J.J. and Lehmann, J. (2012) Ammonium, Nitrate, and Phosphate Sorption to and Solute Leaching from Biochars Prepared from Corn Stover (Zea mays L.) and Oak Wood (Quercus spp.). Journal of Environmental Quality, 1, 137-144.
|
[25]
|
Taghizadeh-Toosi, A., Clough, T.J., Sherlock, R.R. and Condron, L.M. (2012) A Wood Based Low Temperature Biochar Captures NH3-N Generated from Ruminant Urine-N, Retaining Its Bioavailability. Plant and Soil, 353, 73-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-1010-9
|
[26]
|
Taghizadeh-Toosi, A., Clough, T.J., Sherlock, R.R. and Condron, L.M. (2012) Biochar Adsorbed Ammonia Is Bioavailable. Plant and Soil, 350, 57-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3
|
[27]
|
Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J., Grossman, J., O’Neill, B., et al. (2006) Black Carbon Increases Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils. Soil Science Society American Journal, 70, 1719-1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0383
|
[28]
|
Mizuta, K., Matsumoto, T., Hatate, Y., Nishihara, K. and Nakanishi, T. (2004) Removal of Nitrate-Nitrogen from Drinking Water Using Bamboo Powder Charcoal. Bioresource Technology, 95, 255-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.015
|
[29]
|
Lehmann, J., Rillig, M.C., Thies, J., Masiello, C.A., Hockaday, W.C. and Crowley, D. (2011) Biochar Effects on Soil Biota: A Review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43, 1812-1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.022
|
[30]
|
Güerena, D.T., Lehmann, J., Hanley, K., Enders, A., Hyland, C. and Riha, S. (2013) Nitrogen Dynamics Following Field Application of Biochar in a Temperate North American Maize-Based Production System. Plant and Soil, 365, 239-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1383-4
|
[31]
|
Steiner, C., Glaser, B., Teixaira, W.G., Lehmann, J., Blum, W.E.H. and Zech, W. (2008) Nitrogen Retention and Plant Uptake on a Highly Weathered Central Amazonian Ferralsol Amended with Compost and Charcoal. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 171, 893-899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200625199
|
[32]
|
Steinbiss, S., Gleixner, G. and Antonietti, M. (2009) Effect of Biochar on Soil Carbon Balance and Soil Microbial Activity. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41, 1301-1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.03.016
|
[33]
|
Robinson, D., Griffiths, B., Ritz, K. and Wheatley, R. (1989) Root-Induced Nitrogen Mineralisation: A Theoretical Analysis. Plant and Soil, 117, 185-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220711
|
[34]
|
Liljeroth, E., Baath, E., Mathasson, I. and Lundborg, T. (1990) Root Exudation and Rhizoplane Bacterial Abundance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilisation and Root Growth. Plant and Soil, 127, 81-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010839
|
[35]
|
Liljeroth, E., Kuikman, P. and Van Veen, J.A. (1994) Carbon Translocation to the Rhizospere of Maize and Wheat and Influence on the Turnover of Native Soil Organic Matter at Different Soil Nitrogen Levels. Plant and Soil, 161, 233-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046394
|
[36]
|
Parton, W.J., Schimel, D.S., Cole, C.V. and Ojima, D.S. (1987) Analysis of Factors Controlling Soil Organic-Matter Levels in Great-Plains Grasslands. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 51, 1173-1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100050015x
|
[37]
|
Parton, W.J., Ojima, D.S., Cole, C.V., Bryant, R.B. and Arnold, R.W. (1994) A General Model for Soil Organic Matter Dynamics: Sensitivity to Litter Chemistry, Texture and Management. In: Bryant, R.B. and Arnold, R.W., Eds., Quantitative Modeling of Soil Forming Processes, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 147-167.
|
[38]
|
Schmidt, M.W.I., Torn, M.S., Abiven, S., Dittmar, T., Guggenberger, G., Janssens, I.A., Kleber, M., K?gel-Knabner, I., Lehmann, J., Manning, D.A.C., Nannipieri, P., Rasse, D.P., Weiner, S. and Trumbore, S.E. (2011) Persistence of Soil Organic Matter as an Ecosystem Property. Nature, 478, 49-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10386
|
[39]
|
Osman, K.T. (2013) Soils: Principles, Properties and Management. Springer, Dordrecht. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5663-2
|
[40]
|
Strong, D.T., De Wever, H., Merckx, R. and Recous, S. (2004) Spatial Location of Carbon Decomposition in the Soil Pore System. European Journal of Soil Science, 55, 739-750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00639.x
|
[41]
|
Sleutel, S., Bouckaert, L., Buchan, D., Van Loo, D., Cornelis, W.M. and Sanga, H.G. (2012) Manipulation of the Soil Pore and Microbial Community Structure in Soil Mesocosm Incubation Studies. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 45, 40-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.09.016
|
[42]
|
Zheng, J., Stewart, C.E. and Cotrufo, F. (2012) Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer Alters Nitrogen Dynamics and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Two Temperate Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 41, 1361-1370.
|
[43]
|
Beesley, L. and Marmiroli, M. (2011) The Immobilisation and Retention of Soluble Arsenic, Cadmium and Zink by Biochar. Environmental Pollution, 159, 474-480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.016
|
[44]
|
Chen, X.C., Chen, G.C., Chen, L.G., Chen, Y.X., Lehmann, J., McBride, M.B. and Hay, A.G. (2011) Adsorption of Copper and Zinc by Biochars Produced from Pyrolysis of Hardwood and Corn Straw in Aqueous Solution. Bioresource Technology, 102, 8877-8884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.078
|
[45]
|
Uchimiya, M., Klasson, T.K., Wartelle, L.H. and Lima, I.M. (2011) Influence of Soil Properties on Heavy Metal Sequestration by Biochar Amendment: 1. Copper Sorption Isotherms and Release of Cations. Chemosphere, 82, 1431-1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.050
|
[46]
|
Inyang, M., Gao, B., Yao, Y., Xue, Y.W., Zimmermann, A.R., Pullammanappalill, P. and Cao, X.D. (2012) Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution by Biochars Derived from Anaerobically Digested Biomass. Bioresource Technology, 110, 50-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.072
|
[47]
|
Kolodynska, D., Wnetrzak, R., Leahy, J.J., Hayes, M.H.B., Kwapinski, W. and Hubicki, Z. (2012) Kinetic and Adsorptive Characterization of Biochar in Metal Ions Removal. Chemical Engineering Journal, 197, 295-305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.05.025
|
[48]
|
Yao, Y., Gao, B., Inyang, M., Zimmermann, A.R., Cao, X.D., Pullammanappallil, P. and Yang, L.Y. (2011) Biochar Derived from Anaerobically Digested Sugar Beet Tailings: Characterization and Phosphate Removal Potential. Bioresource Technology, 102, 6273-6278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.006
|
[49]
|
Abdullahi, Y.A., Akunna, J.C., White, N.A., Hallett, P.D. and Wheatley, R. (2008) Investigating the Effects of Anaerobic and Aerobic Post-Treatment on Quality and Stability of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste as Soil Amendment. Bioresource Technology, 99, 8631-8636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.027
|
[50]
|
Schmidt, H.-P. (2012) Treating Liquid Manure with Biochar. Ithaka Journal, 1, 273-276.
|
[51]
|
Schmidt, H.-P. (2012) 55 Uses of Biochar. Ithaka Journal, 1, 286-289.
|
[52]
|
Sarkhot, D.V., Berhe, A.A. and Ghezzehei, T.A. (2012) Impact of Biochar Enriched with Dairy Manure Effluent on Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics. Journal of Environmental Quality, 41, 1107-1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0123
|
[53]
|
Mizuta, K., Matsumoto, T., Hatate, Y., Nishihara, K. and Nakanishi, T. (2004) Removal of Nitrate-Nitrogen from Drinking Water Using Bamboo Powder Charcoal. Bioresource Technology, 95, 255-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.02.015
|