Influence of Synthesis Parameters on the Structure, Pore Morphology and Bioactivity of a New Mesoporous Glass

Nouha Letaief, Anita Lucas-Girot, Hassane Oudadesse, Rachida Dorbez-Sridi

1Université de Rennes 1, ISCR, UMR CNRS 6226, Rennes, France 2Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences, Monastir, Tunisie.
Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences, Monastir, Tunisie.
Université de Rennes 1, ISCR, UMR CNRS 6226, Rennes, France.

DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2014.22009                

Abstract

The main objective of the present work was to investigate the effect of surfactant type and synthesis temperature on the structure, porosity and the bioactivity of 92S6 (92% SiO₂, 6% CaO, and 2% P₂O₅ mol %) mesoporous sol-gel glasses. The aim was to provide a basis for controlling the bioactive behavior of the different 92S6 samples used for tissue regeneration and for biomedical engineering in order to obtain sufficient performances by controlling the porosity of the glass. In this paper, a series of mesoporous bioactive glasses were synthesized using three different surfactants (C10H20BrN, C19H42BrN, C22H48BrN) at different aging temperatures (20°C, 40°C and 60°C). The surfactant was removed by calcination, which was carried out by increasing the temperature to 650°C for 6 h. A comparison among these synthesized glasses was conducted and the research emphasis was placed on the synthesis temperature and the surfactant type dependence on the textural properties and particularly porosity that were ultimately responsible for glass bioactivity.

Keywords

Mesoporous Glass; Sol-Gel; Bioactive Glass; Hydroxyapatite

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Xia, W. and Chang, J. (2006) Well-Ordered Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses (MBG): A Promising Bioactive Drug Delivery System. Journal of Controlled Release, 110, 522-530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.11.002
[2]	Elbatal, H.A., Azooz, M.A., Khalil, E.M.A., Soltan Monem, A. and Hamdy, Y.M. (2003) Characterization of Some Bioglass-Ceramics. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 80, 599-609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(03)00082-8
[3]	Stoch, A., Jastrzebski, W., Brozek, A., Trybalska, B., Cichocinska, M. and Szarawara, E. (1999) FTIR Monitoring of the Growth of the Carbonate Containing Apatite Layers from Simulated and Natural Body Fluids. Journal of Molecular Structure, 511-512, 287-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2860(99)00170-2
[4]	Cannillo, V., Pierli, F., Ronchetti, I., Siligardi, C. and Zaffe, D. (2009) Chemical Durability and Microstructural Analysis of Glasses Soaked in Water and in Biological Fluids. Ceramics International, 35, 2853-2869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.03.029
[5]	Nayak, J.P., Kumar, S. and Bera, J. (2010) Sol-Gel Synthesis of Bioglass-Ceramics Using Rice Husk Ash as a Source for Silica and Its Characterization. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 365, 1447-1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.04.041
[6]	Ma, J., Chen, C.Z., Wang, D.G. and Shi, J.Z. (2010) Textural and Structural Studies of Sol-Gel Derived SiO2-CaO- P2O5-MgO Glasses by Substitution of MgO for CaO. Materials Science and Engineering C, 30, 886-890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.04.005
[7]	Prado da Silva, M.H., Lemos, A.F., Gibson, I.R., Ferreira, J.M.F. and Santos, J.D. (2002) Porous Glass Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Materials Produced with Different Organic Additives. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 304, 286-292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01036-0
[8]	Elgayar, I., Aliev, A. E., Boccaccini, A.R. and Hill, R.G. (2005) Structural Analysis of Bioactive Glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 351, 173-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.07.067
[9]	Andersson, J., Areva, S., Spliethoff, B. and Linden, M. (2005) Sol-Gel Synthesis of a Multifunctional, Hierarchically Porous Silica/Apatite Composite. Biomaterials, 26, 6827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.002
[10]	Pei, L., Kurumada, K.-I., Tanigaki, M., Hiro, M. and Susa, K.-J. (2004) Effect of Drying Rate on Mesoporous Silica Morphology Templated from PEO-PPO-PEO Block Copolymer Assemblies. Materials Science, 39, 4045-4047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000031492.71835.2b
[11]	Yu, C.-Z., Fan J., Tian, B.-Z. and Zhao, D.-Y. (2004) Morphology Development of Mesoporous Materials: A Colloidal Phase Separation Mechanism. Chemistry of Materials, 16, 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm035011g
[12]	Bao, X.-Y., Zhao, X.-S., Li, X. and Li, J. (2004) Pore Structure Characterization of Large-Pore Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas Synthesized with Varying SiO2/Template Ratios. Journal of Applied Surface Science, 237, 380-386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.06.072
[13]	Bennadja, Y., Beaunier, P., Margolese, D. and Davidson, A. (2001) Fine Tuning of the Interaction between Pluronic Surfactants and Silica Walls in SBA-15 Nanostructured Materials. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 44, 147- 152.
[14]	Tang, J.-W.,Yu, C.-Z, Zhou, X.-F., Yan, X.X. and Zhao, D.Y. (2004) The Anion Sequence in the Phase Transformation of Mesostructures Templated by Non-Ionic Block Copolymers. Chemical Communications, 19, 2240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b408100e
[15]	Yu, C.-Z., Tian, B.-Z., Fan B., Stucky, G.-D. and Zhao, D.-Y. (2001) Salt Effect in the Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Templated by Non-Ionic Block Copolymers. Chemical Communications, 24, 2726-2727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b107640j
[16]	Hench, L.-L., Splinter, R.-J., Greenlee, T.-K. and Allen, W.-C. (1971) Bonding Mechanisms at the Interface of Ceramic Prosthetic Materials. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 2, 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820050611
[17]	Vallet-Regi, M., Acros, D. and Pererz-Pariente, J. (2000) Evolution of Porosity during in Vitro Hydroxycarbonate Apatite Growth in Sol-Gel Glasses. Journal of Biomedical Materials Re-search, 51, 23-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(200007)51:1<23::AID-JBM4>3.0.CO;2-B
[18]	Szegedi, á., Kónya, Z., Méhn, D., Solymár, E., Pál-Borbély, G., Horváth, Z.E., Biró, L. P. and Kiricsi, I. (2004) Sphe- rical Mesoporous MCM-41 Materials Containing Transition Metals: Synthesis and Characterization. Applied Catalysis A, 272, 257-266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2004.05.057
[19]	Zhu, Y., Wu, C., Ramaswamy, Y., Kockrick, E., Simon, P., Kaskel, S. and Zreiqat, H. (2008) Preparation, Charac- terization and in Vitro Bioactivity of Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses (MBGs) Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 112, 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.10.029
[20]	Kokubo, T., Hushitani, H., Sakka, S. and Yamamuro, S.T. (1990) Solutions Able to Reproducein Vivo Surface-Structure Changes in Bioactive Glass-Ceramic A-W3. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 24, 721-734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240607
[21]	Guo, Y., Zhou, Y., Jia, D. and Tang, H. (2009) Fabrication and Characterization of Hydroxycarbonate Apatite with Mesoporous Structure. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 118, 480-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2008.09.024
[22]	Mesa, M., Sierra, L., Lopez, B., Ramirez, A. and Guth, J.-L. (2003) Preparation of Micron-Sized Spherical Particles of Mesoporous Silica from a Triblock Copolymer Surfactant, Usable as a Stationary Phase for Liquid Chromatography. Solid State Sciences, 5, 1303-1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1293-2558(03)00185-7
[23]	Ducheyne, P. and Qiu, Q. (1999) Bioactive Ceramics: The Effect of Surface Reactivity on Bone Formation and Bone Cell Function. Biomaterials, 20, 2287-2303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00181-7
[24]	Mezahi, F.Z., Lucas-Girot, A., Oudadesse, H. and Harabi, A. (2013) Reactivity Kinetics of 52S4 Glass in the Qua- ternary System SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5: Influence of the Synthesis Process: Melting Versus Sol-Gel. Journal of Non- Crystalline Solids, 361, 111-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2012.10.013