Sonographic appearance of Youssef’s syndrome: A case report and literature review

Etedafe P. Gharoro, Ehigha J. Enabudoso, Edafe E. Gharoro

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
PEPFAR, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.

DOI: 10.4236/ojog.2013.37099                

Abstract

Vesico-vaginal fistula is still a major problem in the developing world, in particularNigeria. Vesico-uterine fistula (Youssef’s syndrome) following relief of obstructed labor by caesarean section is commoner than previously thought. We report a case of Mrs U.B. a 28-year-old P2+⁰ with one living child, who presented with a history of 2⁰ amenorrhea and infertility of 8 years duration. She had caesarean section to relieve an obstructed labor with macerated stillbirth in her last pregnancy. As part of her routine investigation for 2⁰ amenorrhea and infertility, a request for ultrasound scan was made. Ultrasound pictures are presented and discussed. Standard diagnostic investigations for Youssef’s syndrome are by cystoscopy, intravenous urogram and or hysterosalpingography, sonodiagnosis (sonohysterography) is primarily not resorted. We recommend as a standard investigation tool, Ultrasound scan (Sonodiagnosis) for all patients with Vesicovaginal fistula.

Keywords

Vesico-Vaginal Fistula; Vesico-Uterine Fistula; Youssef’s Syndrome; Ultrasound Scan; Sonohysterography

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Youssef, A.F. (1957) Menouria following lower segment cesarean section; a syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 73, 759-767.
[2]	Rao, M.P., Dwivedi, U.S., Datta, B., Vyas, N., Nandy, P.R., Trivedi, S. and Singh, P.B. (2006) Post caesarean vesicouterine fistulae—Youssef’s syndrome: Our experience and review of published work. ANZ Journal of Surgery, 76, 243-245. doi:10.1111/j.1445-2197.2006.03591.x
[3]	Gharoro, E.P. and Abedi, H.O. (1999) Vesico-vaginal fistula in Benin City, Nigeria. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 64, 313-314 doi:10.1016/S0020-7292(98)00134-9
[4]	Iloabachie, G.C. and Njoku, O. (1985) Vesico-uterine fistula. British Journal of Urology, 57, 438-439. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1985.tb06305.x
[5]	Ikechebelu, J.I., Ugboaja, J.O. and Okeke, C.F. (2011) Post-cesarean vesicouterine fistula (Youssef’s syndrome): Report of two cases. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 37, 912-915. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01428.x
[6]	Dubuisson, J.B., Barbot, J. and Santarelli, J. (1979) Vesico-uterine fistulae after Caesarean operation. Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction (Paris), 8, 229-233.
[7]	Józwik, M. and Józwik, M. (2000) Clinical classification of vesicouterine fistula. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 70, 353-357. doi:10.1016/S0020-7292(00)00247-2
[8]	el Fassi, M.J., Tazi, K., Karmouni, T., Koutani, A., Ibn Attya, A.A., Hachimi, M. and Lakrissa, A. (2003) Youssef’s syndrome (vesico-uterine fistula): Three case reports. Annales d Urologie (Paris), 37, 184-186. doi:10.1016/S0003-4401(03)00052-4
[9]	Fenkci, I.V., Demirbas, M. and Oztekin, O. (2010) Sonohysterography in evaluation of Youssef’s syndrome. International Urogynecology Journal, 21, 607-608. doi:10.1007/s00192-009-1029-0
[10]	Bieńkiewicz, A. and Suzin, J. (1992) Ultrasound diagnosis of vesico-uterine fistula. Ginekologia Polska, 63, 534-538.