Catch per unit effort-environmental variables relations in the fishery of white shrimp (Litopenaeus schmitti) from the Gulf of Venezuela

Ángel Antonio Díaz Lugo, Orlando José Ferrer Montaño, Rodolfo Álvarez, Luis González, Jesús Méndez, Manuel C orona

Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela;.
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Punto Fijo, Venezuela.
Instituto Socialista de la Pesca y la Acuicultura (INSOPESCA), Caracas, Venezuela.

DOI: 10.4236/as.2013.46A013                

Abstract

During 15 months the white shrimp (Litopenaeus schmitti) fishing zone was characterized ecologically through the obtaining, compilation and analysis of environmental and physicochemical variables, and modeled the distribution of the relative abundance (CPUE) obtained in 21 fishing sites according to the environmental structure defined by the studied variables. A two-way factorial ANOVA with interaction was used to examine the spatial (fishing sites) and temporal (months) dynamics of CPUE, and a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to discern the environmental structure of the study area. To determine if the environmental structure modeled the distribution of white shrimp, the CPUE values were superimposed on maps of the study area showing strata of the most important physicochemical variables identified by PCA. ANOVA confirmed that the CPUE differed significantly among months (F = 15.6; GL = 11; P < 0.0001) but not between fishing sites (F = 1.52; GL = 17; P = 0.1979); the interaction term was also not significant (F = 0.52; GL = 10; P = 0.8561). The superimposing of the CPUE on temperature and depth strata confirmed that white shrimp showed greater preference for intermediate temperatures and depths. Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A (PDVSA) contemplates the construction of a multiuse pipeline traversing the study area, by which the current environmental structure of the study area is prone to disturbance. Given the precedent effects represented by an aqueduct construction, it seems PDVSA should anticipate measures to minimize its impact on the fisheries of the zone, particularly on the white shrimp fishery.

Keywords

Distribution; CPUE; Litopenaeus schmitti; Gulf of Venezuela

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Christensen, N.L., Bartuska, A.M., Brown, J.H., Carpenter, S., D’Antonio, C., Francis, R., Franklin, J.F., MacMahon, J.A., Noss, R.F., Parsons, D.J., Peterson, C.H., Turner, M.G. and Woodmansee, R.G. (1996) The report of the Ecological Society of America committee on the scientific basis for ecosystem management. Ecological Applications, 6, 665-691. doi:10.2307/2269460
[2]	Larkin, P.A. (1996) Concepts and issues in marine ecosystem management. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 6, 139-164. doi:10.1007/BF00182341
[3]	Wiff, R. and Quinones, R.A. (2004) Parametrización ambiental en modelos biológico-pesqueros. Una revisión. Gayana, 68, 76-92.
[4]	United States National Research Council (1998) Sustaining marine fisheries. A Report of the Committee on Ecosystem Management for Sustainable Fisheries, Ocean Studies Board, Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources, National Research Council, Washington DC.
[5]	Garcia, S.M., Zerbi, A., Aliaume, C., Do Chi, T. and Lasserre, G. (2003) The ecosystem approach to fisheries. Issues, terminology, principles, institutional foundations, implementation and outlook. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 443, FAO, Rome.
[6]	Pikitch, E.K., Santora, C., Babcock, E.A., Bakun, A., Bonfil, R., Conover, D.O., Dayton, P., Doukakis, P., Fluharty, D., Heneman, B., Houde, E.D., Link, J., Livingston, P.A., Mangel, M., McAllister, M.K., Pope, J. and Sainsbury, K.J. (2004) Ecosystem-based fishery management. Science, 305, 346-347. doi:10.1126/science.1098222
[7]	FAO EAF-Nansen Project (2010) Report of the annual forum of the EAF-Nansen project. Theme: The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries—Opportunities for Africa, Rome, 16 December 2008, FAO EAF-Nansen Project Report No 5.
[8]	National Marine Fisheries Service (1998) Ecosystembased fishery management. A Report to Congress by the Ecosystem Principles Advisory Panel as Mandated by the Sustainable Fisheries Act Amendments to the MagnusonStevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, Seattle, Washington DC, 1996.
[9]	Zeigler, J. (1964) The hidrography and sediments of the Gulf of Venezuela. Limnology and Oceanography, 9, 397-411. doi:10.4319/lo.1964.9.3.0397
[10]	Ginés, Hno., Monente, J., Lozano, A., Breman, E., Voltolin, D., Prinoz, D., González, L., Jiménez, C., Brownell, W., Pastor, G., Gutiérrez, P., Guedez, T. and Mago, F. (1982) Carta pesquera de venezuela. II. áreas central y occidente. Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales Monografías, Caracas.
[11]	Pérez-Farfante, I. (1970) Claves ilustradas para la identificación de los camarones comerciales de la América Latina. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Serie Divulgación, México.
[12]	Fisher, W. (1978) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purpose. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). FAO, Roma.
[13]	Rodríguez, G. (1980) Los crustáceos decápodos de Venezuela. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas.
[14]	Milliken, G.A. and Johnson, D.E. (1984) Analysis of messy data. Volume 1: Designed experiments. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
[15]	Statistical Analysis System (SAS) (2006) SAS/STAT Version 9.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary.
[16]	Jackson, D.A. (1993) Stopping rules in principal components analysis: A comparison of heuristical and statistical approaches. Ecology, 74, 2204-2214. doi:10.2307/1939574
[17]	McCune, B. and Mefford, M.J. (1997) Multivariate analysis of ecological data. Version 3.15 MJM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon.
[18]	Ratz, H.J. (1996) Relevance of some environmental parameters to distribution patterns of groundfish and implications for reasonable survey design: Case study Atlantic cod off Greenland. NAFO Scientific Council Studies, 28, 73-78.
[19]	Brill, R.W. and Lutcavage, M.E. (2001) Understanding envrionmental influences on movements and depth distributions of tunas and billfishes can significantly improve population assessments. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 25, 179-198.
[20]	Pombo, L., Elliot, M. and Rebelo, J.E. (2005) Environmental influences on fish assemblage distribution of an estuarine coastal lagoon, Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). Scientia Marina, 69, 143-159.
[21]	Reguzzoni, J. (2007) Assessing the relationship between environmental conditions and the blue crab fishery in relation to restoration goals for the Caloosahatchee River. Annual Report, Agreement No: OT050973, West Palm Beach.
[22]	Childs, A.R., Cowley, P.D., Naesje, T.F., Booth, A.J., Potts, W.M., Thorstad, E.B. and Okland, F. (2008) Do environmental factors influence the movement of estuarine fish? A case study using acoustic telemetry. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 78, 227-236. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2007.12.003
[23]	Párraga, D.P., Cubillos, L.A. and Correa-Ramirez, M.A. (2010) Variaciones espacio-temporales de la captura por unidad de esfuerzo en la pesquería artesanal costera del pargo rayado Lutjanus synagris, en el Caribe colombiano y su relación con variables ambientales Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 45, 77-88.
[24]	Lee, H.H. and Brodziak, J. (2011) Investigation of the association between Hawaii Deep Slope bottomfish CPUE and environmental variables. PIFSC Internal Report IR-11-019.
[25]	Santos, J., Severino, E. and Vaz Dos Santos, A. (2008) Estructura populacional do camaró-branco Litopenaeus schmitti nas regiones estuarina e marinha da Baixada Santista, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca Sao Paulo, 34, 375-389.
[26]	Costa, R., Fransozo, A. and Pinheiro, A. (2004) Ecological distribution of the shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888) (Decapoda: Penaeoidea) in southeastern Brazil. Hydrobiologia, 529, 195-203. doi:10.1007/s10750-004-6410-x
[27]	Csirke, J. (1997) Retos para la pesca mundial de captura con posibilidades limitadas de expansión. Departamento de Pesca FAO. http//fao.org/Regional/LAmerica/prior/recnat/recursos/pesca/csirke.htm
[28]	álvarez, F. (2012) Caracterización preliminar de la ecología pesquera del Golfete de Coro, Venezuela: Una herramienta para el manejo y la validación del conocimiento local. Trabajo Especial de Grado para obtener el grado de Magister Scientiarum en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo.
[29]	Ferrer, C.A., Quintero, A., Ferrer, R.A., Pomares, O., Terejova, G., Ferrer, A., Guerra, J. and Leal, M. (2006) Estudio de impacto ambiental y sociocultural del proyecto acueducto bolivariano del estado falcón, tendido golfete de coro. Esambient-Hidrofalcón, Falcón.
[30]	Petito Quintavalle, M. (2007) Estudio de geofísica de alta resolución y batimetría, fase de detalle desde Punta Cardón hasta el sector Punta Cechepa. Proyecto de Grado para optar al Título de Ingeniero Geofísico. Universidad Simón Bolívar, Sartenejas, Caracas.