Management Problems of Trans-Frontier Yellow Fever Cases in Burkina Faso 2010

Seydou Yaro, Aline R. Ouoba, Alidou Zango, Jérémi Rouamba, Aly Drabo, Soumeya Ouangraoua, Fati Samandoulougou-Kirakoya, Jean Macq, Annie Robert, Jean Bosco Ouedraogo

.
Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

DOI: 10.4236/aid.2013.32013                

Abstract

This last decade, Burkina Faso has been confronted with yellow fever confirmed cases, mainly from Western part of the country. In 2010, National Reference laboratory of yellow fever received 970 sera of suspected cases from the 65 Health Districts of the country. We found 11 positive results by ELISA test researching specific IgM against yellow fever. An aliquot of these eleven positive sera were sent to Dakar for confirmation by sero neutralization and RT-PCR. Eight have been confirmed by regional laboratory of Pasteur Institute of Dakar and three were classified as doubtful. Confirmed cases were manly notified by Sindou (4/8) and Mangodara (3/8) Health Districts and the last one came from Nongr-masson health District situated in the central part of the country. Three out of the four confirmed cases in Sindou Health District were resident from neighboring village in Ivory Cost. Conformed cases coming from neighboring villages of Ivory Cost were difficult to manage because of the relative lack of coordination between the two health centers responsible in two different countries. The three cases were not notified to Ivory Cost Health authorities and, in addition, they didn’t benefit from the Burkina Faso response plan. The goal of this work is to present results from National Reference yellow fever laboratory in 2010 in Burkina Faso and stressing trans-frontier cases management problems in order to suggest a multinational mechanism of response to fight against this disease more effectively.

Keywords

Yellow Fever; Surveillance; Reference Laboratory; Trans-Frontier; Burkina Faso

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	R. Cordellier, “l’épidémiologie de la Fièvre Jaune en Afrique de L’Ouest,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol. 69, No. 1, 1991, pp. 73-84.
[2]	A. Roisin, “la Fièvre Jaune, une Maladie Toujours d’Actualité en Afrique,” Cahier Santé, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1994, pp. 201-202.
[3]	WHO, “Yellow Fever in Africa and Central and South America, 2008-2009,” The Weekly Epidemiological Record, Vol. 86, No. 4, 2011, pp. 25-36.
[4]	H. Attoh-Touré, N. S. Dagnan and J. Tagliante-Saracino, “Résurgence des épidémies de Fièvre Jaune en Cote d’ivoire,” Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, Vol. 103, No. 5, 2010, pp. 323-326. doi:10.1007/s13149-010-0047-y
[5]	S. Yaro, A. Zango, J. Rouamba, A. Diabaté, et al., “Situation épidémiolgique de la Fièvre Jaune au Burkina Faso, 2003-2008,” Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotiqu, Vol. 103, No. 1, 2010, pp. 44-47.
[6]	WHO, “Yellow Fever, Senegal,” The Weekly Epidemiological Record, Vol. 85, No. 41, 2010, pp. 401-412.
[7]	WHO, “Yellow Fever, Uganda,” The Weekly Epidemiological Record, Vol. 86, No. 5, 2011, pp. 37-44.
[8]	T. P. Monath and M. S. Cetron, “Prevention of Yellow Fever in Persons Traveling to the Tropics,” Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 34, No. 10, 2002, pp. 1369-1378. doi:10.1086/340104
[9]	A. A. Sall, O. Faye, M. Diallo, C. Firth, et al., “Yellow Fever Virus Exhibits Slower Evolutionary Dynamic than Dengue Virus,” Journal of Virology, Vol. 84, No. 2, 2010, pp. 765-772. doi:10.1128/JVI.01738-09
[10]	P. F. Vasconcelos, “Yellow Fever in Brazil: Thoughts and Hypotheses on the Emergence in Previously Free Areas,” Revista de Saúde Pública, Vol. 44, No. 6, 2010, pp. 1144-1149. doi:10.1590/S0034-89102010005000046
[11]	J. da C. Cardoso, M. A. De Ameida, E. Dos Santos, D. F. Da Fonseca, et al., “Yellow Fever Virus in Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Aedes serratus Mosquitoes, Southern Brazil, 2008,” Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 16, No. 12, 2010, pp. 1918-1924. doi:10.3201/eid1612.100608
[12]	M. Theiler and H. H. Smith, “The Use of Yellow Fever Virus Modified by in Vitro Cultivation for Human Immunization,” The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 65, No. 6, 1937, pp. 787-800. doi:10.1084/jem.65.6.787
[13]	S. E. Robertson, B. P. Hull, O. Tomori, et al., “Yellow Fever. A Decade of Reemergence,” The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 276, No. 14, 1996, pp. 1157-1159. doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540140045025
[14]	WHO, “Yellow Fever Surveillance and Outbreak Response: Revision of Case Definitions, October 2010,” The Weekly Epidemiological Record, Vol. 85, No. 47, 2010, pp. 465-472.
[15]	WHO, “Yellow Fever Fact Sheet,” The Weekly Epidemiological Record, Vol. 85, No. 5, 2010, pp. 29-36.
[16]	J. G. Frierson, “The Yellow Fever Vaccine: A History,” Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, Vol. 83, No. 2, 2010, pp. 77-85.
[17]	A. A. Neilson and C. A. Mayer, “Yellow Fever. Prevention in Travelers,” Australian Family Physician, Vol. 39, No. 8, 2010, pp. 570-573.
[18]	J. D. Poland, C. H. Calisher, T. P. Monath, et al., “Persistence of Neutralizing Antibody 30 - 35 Years after Immunization with 17D Yellow Fever Vaccine,” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol. 59, No. 6, 1981, pp. 895-900.
[19]	WHO, “International Travel and Health,” WHO, Geneva, 2007.
[20]	WHO, “International Travel and Health,” WHO, Geneva, 2009.
[21]	A. A. Fatiregun, A. O. Sangowawa and O. A. Abubacar, “Outcome of Training on Yellow Fever Surveillance in a South-Western State, Nigeria: implication for Improved Field Implementation,” Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2010, pp. 449-452.
[22]	H. Barrenes, T. Baldet, A. M. Casel, C. Kabire, et al., “Riposte Vaccinale et Persistance d’un Risqué épidémique de Fièvre Jaune Dans la Région de Gaoua au Sudouest du Burkina Faso: Intérêt d’une équipe Pluridisciplinaire,” Sante, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2002, pp. 323-329.
[23]	C. Akoua-Koffi, S. Diarrassouba, V. B. Bénié, J. M. Ngbichi, et al., “Investigation Autour d’un cas Mortel de Fièvre Jaune en Cote d’Ivoire en 1999,” Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, Vol. 94, No. 3, 2001, pp. 227-230.
[24]	Y. L. Konan, A. B. Kone, K. D. Ekra, J. M. Doannio and K. P. Odehouri, “Entomological Investigation Following the Re-Emergence of Yellow Fever in 2008 in Abidjan Area (Cote d’Ivoire),” Parasite, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2009, pp. 149-152. doi:10.1051/parasite/2009162149
[25]	WHO, “Yellow Fever Mali-Update,” The Weekly Epidemiological Record, Vol. 80, No. 48, 2005, pp. 417-424.
[26]	Rapport final SKBo, “Etude de Faisabilité Pour Une Action Pilote des Zones Frontalières de Sikasso-Korhogo-Bobo-Dioulasso,” Aout, 2005, 40 Pages.
[27]	WHO, “Yellow Fever, Cote d’Ivoire,” The Weekly Epidemiological Record, Vol. 86, No. 6, 2011, pp. 45-52.
[28]	Document SKBo, “Atelier de Lancement d’une Opération Pilote de Coopération Transfrontalière,” Tenu à Sikasso (Mali) les 27, 28 et 29 Septembre 2005, Octobre 2005, 12 Pages.