Production of Refractory Lining for Diesel Fired Rotary Furnace, from Locally Sourced Kaolin and Potter’s Clay

Abstract

This research was conducted to formulate a refractory lining recipe for lining diesel fired rotary furnace from locally sourced kaolin, using locally sourced potter’s clay as binder. Six samples (A-F) of kaolin clay mined locally from Apata II area, Ondo road, in Ile-Ife,Nigeria, were roasted at 1200oC held for 8 hours, mixed with different percentages of raw kaolin and appropriately made into briquettes using potter’s clay of good plasticity as binder. The samples were tested for various refractory properties. The result showed that sample mixes A (100% chamotte), B (80% chamotte, 20% rawkaolin) and C (60% chamotte, 40% raw kaolin) are considered to have good properties. However, the optimum material-mix for the refractory bricks lining, with particular reference to the highest thermal shock resistance was found to be 80% chamotte mixed with 20% raw kaolin.

Share and Cite:

F. Aramide and S. Seidu, "Production of Refractory Lining for Diesel Fired Rotary Furnace, from Locally Sourced Kaolin and Potter’s Clay," Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, Vol. 1 No. 3, 2013, pp. 75-79. doi: 10.4236/jmmce.2013.13014.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] ASTM’s Manual of Standard of Refractory Materials, “Proposed Glossary of Terms Relating to Refractories,” 8th Edition, American Society for Testing Materials, Philadelphia, 1957.
[2] I. E. Campbell and E. M. Sherwood, “High Temperature Materials and Technology,” John Willey and Sons, Inc., New York, 1967.
[3] C. E. Semler, “Selected Factors That Contribute to Refractory Successes,” Refractories Application and News, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2005, pp. 8-9.
[4] C. E. Semler, “Steel Industry—Status and Changes,” Refractories Applications and News, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2005, pp. 7-9.
[5] I. W. M. Brown, K. J. D. Mackenzie, M. E. Bowden and R. H. Meinhold, “Outstanding Problems in the Kaolinite-Mullite Reaction Sequence Investigated with 29Si and 27Al Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: II, High- Temperature Transformations of Metakaolinite,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 68, No. 6, 1985, pp. 298-301. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1985.tb15229.x
[6] American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), “Standard Test Methods for Size Dimensional Measurements and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick,” ASTM Book of Standards, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1999, pp. 134-195
[7] American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), “Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Specific Gravity and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water,” ASTM Book of Standards, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2000, pp. 20-100.
[8] American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), “Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories,” ASTM Book of Standards, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2003, pp. 133-197.
[9] American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), “Standard Test Methods for Quantitatively Measuring the Effect of Thermal Shock resistance and Thermal Cycling on Refractories,” ASTM Book of Standards, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2003, pp. 1171-1196.
[10] R. Morrell, “Handbook of Properties of Technical and Engineering Ceramics. Part I: An Introduction for the Engineer and Designer,” HMSO, London, 1985.
[11] J. A. Gonzalez, A. C. Carreras and M. del C. Ruiz, “Phase Transformation in Clays and Kaolins Produced bu Thermal Treatment in Chlorine and Air Atmospheres,” Latin American Applied Research, Vol. 37, No. 2, 2007, pp. 133- 139.
[12] S. Ergul, M. Akyildiz and A. Karamanov, “Ceramic Material from Basaltic Tuffs,” Industrial Ceramics, Vol. 27, No. 2, 2007, pp. 89-94.
[13] W. D. Kingery, “Introduction to Ceramics,” John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976.
[14] J. S. Reed, “Principles of Ceramic Proceedings,” John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995.
[15] W. M. Carty and U. Senapati, “Porcelain—Raw Materials, Processing, Phase Evolution, and Mechanical Behavior,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 81, No. 1, 1998, pp. 3-20.
doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02290.x
[16] T. Manfredini, G. Pellacani, M. Romagnoli and L. Pennisi, “Porcelainized Stoneware Tile,” The Bulletin of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 74, No. 5, 1995, pp. 76- 79.
[17] J. Hlavac, “The Technology of Glass and Ceramics: An Introduction,” Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1983.
[18] G. W. Brindley and M. Nakahira, “Kinetics of Dehydroxylation of Kaolinite and Halloysite,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 40, No. 10, 1957, pp. 346- 350.
doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1957.tb12549.x
[19] G. W. Brindley and M. Nakahira, “The Kaolinite-Mullite Reaction Series I: A Survey of Outstanding Problems,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 42, No. 7, 1959, pp. 311-314.
doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1959.tb14314.x
[20] G. W. Brindley and M. Nakahira, “The Kaolinite-Mullite Reaction Series II: Metakalin,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 42, No. 7, 1959, pp. 314-318.
doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1959.tb14315.x
[21] G. W. Brindley and M. Nakahira, “The Kaolinite-Mullite Reaction Series III: The High-Temperature Phases,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 42, No. 7, 1959, pp. 319-323.
doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1959.tb14316.x
[22] W. M. Carty and U. Senapati, “Porcelain-Raw Materials, Processing, Phase Evolution, and Mechanical Behavior,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 81, No. 1, 1998, pp. 3-20.
doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02290.x
[23] G. Kakali, T. Perraki, S. Tsivilis and E. Badogiannis, “Thermal Treatment of Kaolin: The Effect of Mineralogy on the Pozzolanic Activity,” Applied Clay Science, Vol. 20, No. 1-2, 2001, pp. 73-80.
doi:10.1016/S0169-1317(01)00040-0
[24] M. Kaloumenou, E. Badogiannis, S. Tsivilis and G. Kakali, “Effect of the Kaolin Particle Size on the Pozzolanic Behavior of the Metakaolinite Produced,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 56, No. 2, 1999, pp. 901-907. doi:10.1023/A:1010143214686
[25] R. E. Grim, “Clay Mineralogy, McGraw-Hill International, Series in the Earth Planetary Sciences,” McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968.
[26] C. S. Ross and P. F. Kerr, “The Kaolin Minerals,” Geological Survey Professional Paper (United States), Vol. 165, No. 1, 1931, pp. 151-180.
[27] L. Mattyasovszky-Zsolnay, “Mechanical Strength of Porcelain,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 40, No. 9, 1957, pp. 299-306.
[28] F. H. Norton, “Refractories,” 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.