Comparison of the Water Quality between the Surface Microlayer and Subsurface Water in Typical Water Bodies in Sichuan

Jiang Yu

.

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2010.210101                

Abstract

Investigation and assessment of water quality status in the surface microlayer (SML) and subsurface water (SSW) in several kinds of typical water bodies in Sichuan were carried out from May to June 2010.The results showed that N, P were enriched to some extent at SML in Xichi pool, Funan River and Longquan reservoir, which made concentrations of the indexes such as total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD)of SML be much higher than those of SSW (P<0.05), and the exceeding rates were up to 100%. The contents of TN,TP,COD of SML and SSW in Xichi pool, and Funan River exceeded III even Ⅳlevel of water quality standard, while these indexes in Longquan reservoir were lower than Ⅲ or Ⅱlevel of water quality standard. Though Chl. a mass concentration at SML and SSW in Funan River was prominently lower than those in Xichi pool and Longquan reservoir, according to the eutrophic evaluation standard, the water bodies of SML and SSW in Funan River and Xichi pool were in middle eutrophication, the highest index of eutrophication (E value) was up to 66.78, while there was light entuophic in Longquan reservoir, and there had obvious difference with E value and COD, TP, TN (P＜0.05). This research shows that the water quality of Longquan reservoir is generally well. While Funan River is a middle eutrophication, and its pollution is more serious than Xichi pool, the two waters belong to national III even IV level, and SML has the capability of enrichment to the pollutants such as N, P.

Keywords

Surface microlayer, Eutrophication, Subsurface water, Funan River, Assessment

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	G. P. Yang, W. W. Jing, and Z. Q. Kang, “Spatial variations of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulf on propionate in the surface microlayer and in the subsurface waters of the South China Sea during springtime,” Marine Environmental Research, Vol. 165, pp. 85-97, 2008.
[2]	U. Munster, E. Heikkinen, and J. Knulst, “Nutrient composition, microbial biomass and activity at the air–water interface of small boreal forest,” Hydrobiologia, Vol. 363, pp.261–270, 1998.
[3]	C. Guitart, N. Garciaflor, and J. M. Bayona, “Occurrence and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal surface microlayer,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 54, pp.186 -194, 2007.
[4]	J.R. Kucklick and T.F. Bidleman, “Organic contaminants in Winyah bay, South Carolina 1. pesticides and polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons in subsurface and microlayer waters,” Marine Environmental Research, Vol. 37, pp.63–78, 1994.
[5]	A. M. A. Abd-Allah, “Organochlorine contaminants in microlayer and subsurface water of Alexandria Coast, Egypt,” J AOAC Int., Vol.82, pp. 391–398, 1999.
[6]	J. Chi, G. L. Huang, X. Lu, et al., “DEHP enrichment in the surface microlayer of a small eutrophic lake,” Water Research, Vol. 37, pp. 4657-4662, 2003.
[7]	M. X. Pan, Z. B. Zhang, and A. D.Wang, “Biological and chemical studies of sea-surface microlayer at daya BayⅡ. (B) diurnal variations of biological and chemical characteristics,” Tropic Oceanology, Vol. 19, No.2, pp. 57-63, 2000.
[8]	J. T. Harvey and L. A. Burzell, “A simple microlayer method for small samples,” Limnology Oceanology, Vol. 17, pp.156-157, 1972.
[9]	J. Crank, “The mathematics of diffusion, 2nd ed,” London: Oxford University Press, 1975.
[10]	National Environmental Protection Bureau, “Analytical methods for the examination of water and wastewater,” 3nd ed. China: Environmental Science Press, 1997.
[11]	X..C. Jin, H. L. Li., and Q. Y. Tu, “Eutrophication of lakes in China,” Chinese Environmental Science Publication, Beijing, pp.121-133, 1990.
[12]	B. P. Deng and Y. F. Yang, “Comparative studies on water quality and community structure of zooplankton between the sea surface microlayer and the subsurface microlayer in mar-culture area s in Dapeng Cove,” Journal of Jinan University (Natural Science), Vol. 30, pp.101-105, 2009 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]	J.Yu, Y. F. Yang, and C. C Yang, “Study on the eutrophic status and the genetic toxicity of water body in certain sections of the Pearl River and several artificial lake,” Journal of Chongqing University (Natural Science Edition), Vol. 30, No. 9, pp.139-143, 2007 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]	O.Wurl and J. P Obbard, “A review of pollutants in the sea surface microlayer (SML): a unique habitat for marine organisms,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol.48, pp.1016 – 1030, 2004.
[15]	Y. H. Peng, Z. D. Wang, M. X. Pan, et al., “Studies on BOD and COD of sea surface microlayer (MSL) and subsurface layer (SSL) water in Day Bay,” Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, Vol. 4, pp.13-19, 2000.