Body Fluid Changes, Cardiovascular Deconditioning and Metabolic Impairment Are Reversed 24 Hours after a 5-Day Dry Immersion

Mickael Coupé, Elena Tomilovskaya, ,Françoise Larcher, Bertrand Diquet, Liudmila Kh. Pastushkova, Inesa B. Kozlovskaya, Irina M. Larina, Guillemette Gauquelin-Koch, Vladimir A. Kulchitsky, Marc-Antoine Custaud, Nastassia M. Navasiolava

Associated French-Russian Laboratory CaDyWEC, Angers, France & Moscow, Russia..
Biochemistry Laboratory, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France..
CNRS UMR 6214, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France.
French Space Agency (CNES), Paris, France.
Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS SSC, Moscow, Russia.
Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS SSC, Moscow, Russia..
Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus..
Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France..

DOI: 10.4236/ojneph.2013.31004                

Abstract

Dry immersion is an effective and useful model for research in physiology and physiopathology. The focus of this study was to provide integrative insight into renal, endocrine, circulatory, autonomic and metabolic effects of dry immersion. We assessed if the principal changes were restored within 24 h of recovery, and determined which changes were mainly associated with immersion-induced orthostatic intolerance. Five-day dry immersion without countermeasures, and with ad libitum water intake, standardized diet and a permitted short daily rise was performed in a relatively large sample for this experiment type (14 healthy young men). Reduction of total body water derived mostly from extracellular compartment, and stabilized rapidly at the new operating point. Decrease in plasma volume was estimated at 20% - 25%. Five-day immersion was sufficient to impair metabolism with a decrease in glucose tolerance and hypercholesterolemia, but was not associated with pronounced autonomic changes. Five-day immersion induced marked cardiovascular impairment. Immediately after immersion, over half of the subjects were unable to accomplish the 20-min 70° tilt; during tilt, heart rate and total peripheral resistance were increased, and stroke volume was decreased. However, 24 hours of normal physical activity appeared sufficient to reverse orthostatic tolerance and all signs of cardiovascular impairment, and to restitute plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume. Similarly, metabolic impairment was restored. In our study, the major factor responsible for orthostatic intolerance appeared to be hypovolemia. The absence of pronounced autonomic dysfunction might be explained by relatively short duration of dry immersion and daily short-time orthostatic stimulation.

Keywords

Physical Inactivity; Modeled Weightlessness; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Body Fluid Compartments; Orthostatic Intolerance

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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