Excess adsorption of biomolecules on soft surfaces: Adsorption of DNA, proteins and lactose on fatty surfaces

Dipta Shani Dutta, Dipti Kumar Chattoraj, Parimal Chattopadhyay, Kali P. Das

Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.
Department of Food Technology & Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.

DOI: 10.4236/abc.2013.31006                

Abstract

Insoluble fatty surfaces are involved in many important interactions such as in biomembranes with soluble biological macro and micromolecules. In this paper we have studied the adsorption interaction of aqueous solution of DNA, some proteins and lactose on several sparingly soluble fatty substances namely milk fat, stearic acid, palmitic acid, phosphatidyl choline and cholesterol surfaces by measuring the depletion of the adsorbates by analytical methods. Adsorption () of DNA on the soft surfaces of stearic acid, milk fat, phosphatidyl choline, palmitic acid and cholesterol was measured as a function of DNA concentration C₂. In each case was found to increase with C₂ until it reached the maximum value at a critical concentration . For different surfaces stands in the order: stearic acid > milk fat > phosphatidyl choline > cholesterol > palmitic acid. DNA forms multilayers on stearic acid surface. Adsorption of hemoglobin on cholesterol surface is found to be negative or zero but that of BSA on cholesterol is positive. Adsorption of gelatin on cholesterol surface is significantly higher than that of BSA. Lysozyme on cholesterol surface forms multilayers and on casein forms bilayer. The lowering of free energies ?DG^o for all systems have been calculated using integrated form of the Gibbs adsorption and their values have been compared with each other. It is concluded that despite differences in the adsorption behavior of the biomolecules on various soft surfaces, free energy change expressed as Bull’s free energy change (Δ) remain nearly constant except for BSA-fatty acid interaction which may be likely due a specific interaction.

Keywords

Excess Adsorption; Surface Adsorption of Biomolecules; Soft Surfaces; Adsorption on Soft Surfaces, DNA, Globular Proteins

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Bull, H.B. (1956) Adsorption of bovine serum albumin on glass. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 19, 464-471. doi:10.1016/0006-3002(56)90469-3
[2]	Bull, H.B. (1957) Adsorbed monolayers of egg albumin. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 68, 102-111. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(57)90330-2
[3]	Hajra, S. and Chattoraj, D.K. (1991) Potein adsorption at solid-liquid interfaces. 2. Affinities of proteis for alumina surface. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 28, 114-123.
[4]	Hazra, S. and Chattoraj, D.K. (1991) Protein adsorption at solid-liquid interfaces. 4. Effects of different solid-liquid systems and various neutral salts. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 28, 267-279.
[5]	Norde, W. (1986) Adsorption of proteins from solution at the solid-liquid interface. Advances in Colloid and Inter face Science, 23, 267-301. doi:10.1016/0001-8686(86)80012-4
[6]	Norde, W. (2003) Colloids and interfaces in life sciences. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 285. doi:10.1201/9780203912157
[7]	Cohen, M.A. (2003) Biopolymers at interfaces. In: Malmsten, M., Ed., 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1.
[8]	Norde, W., Buija, J. and Lyklema, H. (2005) Fundamen tals of interface and colloid science: Soft colloids. Lyklema, J., Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 5, 31.
[9]	Gani, S.K., Mukherjee, D.C. and Chattoraj, D.K. (1999) Adsorption of biopolymer at solid-liquid interfaces. 1. Affinities of DNA to hydrophobic and hydrophilic solid surface. Langmuir, 15, 7130-7138. doi:10.1021/la970686h
[10]	Chattoraj, D.K. and. Mitra, A. (2009) Adsorption of DNA at solid-water interfaces and DNA-surfactant binding in teraction in aqueous media. Current Science, 97, 1430 1438.
[11]	Upadhyay, S.N. and Chattoraj, D.K. (1968) Adsorption of nucleic acids at alumina water interface. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 151, 561-563.
[12]	Bull, H.B. (1971) Introduction to physical biochemistry. F. A. Davies, Philadelhia.
[13]	Gani, S.A., Mukherjee, D.C. and Chattoraj, D.K. (1999) Adsorption of biopolymer at solid-liquid interfaces. 2. Interaction of BSA and DNA with casein. Langmuir, 15, 7139-7144. doi:10.1021/la970687+
[14]	Halder, E., Das, K.P. and Chattoraj, D.K. (2005) Adsorption of biopolymers at hydrophilic cellulose-water inter face. Biopolymers, 77, 286-295. doi:10.1002/bip.20232
[15]	Shani, D., Chattoraj, D.K., Chattopadhyay, P. and Das, K.P. (2010) Excess adsorption of beta-lactoglobulin on the soft surfaces of casein powder. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 87, 205-212.
[16]	Das, K.P. and Chattoraj, D.K. (1980) Adsorption of pro teins at polar oil/water interface. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 78, 422-429. doi:10.1016/0021-9797(80)90582-2
[17]	Shani Dutta, D., Chattoraj, D.K., Chattopadhyay, P. and Das, K.P. (2011) Adsorption of biopolymers and lactose sugar on soft surfaces. Adsorption of β-lactoglobulin on various types of soft surfaces. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 88, 1801-1810.
[18]	Nagy, K., Váró, G. and Szalontai, B. (2012) Kappa-ca seinmicelle build-up by its “soft” secondary structure. European Biophysics Journal, 41, 959-968. doi:10.1007/s00249-012-0854-0
[19]	Zuyderhoff, E.M. and Dupont-Gillain, C.C. (2012) Nanoorganized collagen layers obtained by adsorption of phase-separated polymer thin films. Langmuir, 28, 2007 2014. doi:10.1021/la203842q
[20]	Allahverdyan, A.E., Gevorkian, Z.S., Hu, C.K. and Nieuwenhuizen, T.M. (2009) How adsorption influences DNA denaturation. Physical Review E, 79, 031903. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.79.031903
[21]	Hu, Q., Wang, P. and Laskin, J. (2010) Effect of surface on the secondary structure of soft landed peptide ions. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 12, 12802-12810. doi:10.1039/c0cp00825g
[22]	Binder, H. (2006) Thermodynamics of comparative sur face adsorption on DNA microarrays. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 18, S491-S523. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/18/18/S02
[23]	Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193, 265-275.
[24]	Gadjos, A., Chernoff, A.I., Gray, L.H. and Lemberg, M.R. (1956) Handbook of biological data. In: Spector, W.S., Ed., WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 33-34.
[25]	Sarkar, D. and Chattoraj, D.K. (1992) Excess adsorption of hemoglobin at solid-liquid interfaces. Journal of Surface Science and Technology, 8, 231-142.
[26]	Mitra, A., Chakraborty, P. and Chattoraj, D.K. (2006) Thermodynamics of the interaction of globular proteins with powdered stearic acid in acid pH. Biomacromole cules, 7, 2038-2040. doi:10.1021/bm0507960
[27]	Chattoraj, D.K. and Birdi, K.S. (1984) Adsorption at interfaces and gibbs surface excess. Plenum, New York. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8333-2
[28]	McKee, G. and McKee, J.R. (2002) Biochemistry: The molecular basis of life. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.