Peculiarities of feed contamination with citrinin and ochratoxin A

Abstract

Occurrence of citrinin and ochratoxin A in different feed ingredients and compound feeds was screened by accredited methods based on the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High frequency co-occurrence of both toxins was found in wheat grain and processed sunflower seeds. Citrinin levels exceeded those of ochratoxin A in the majority of co-contaminated feed samples, and the ratio of (1.1 - 10):1 proved to be the most frequent. A possible role of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi in separate and simultaneous OTA and CIT occurrence in feeds is also discussed.

Share and Cite:

Kononenko, G. and Burkin, A. (2013) Peculiarities of feed contamination with citrinin and ochratoxin A. Agricultural Sciences, 4, 34-38. doi: 10.4236/as.2013.41006.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Krough, P. and Hasselager, E. (1968) Studies on fungal nephtotoxicity. In: Royal Veterinary and Agricultural College Year-book, Copenhagen, 198-214.
[2] Krough, P. (1972) Natural occurrence of ochratoxin A and citrinin in cereals associated with field outbreaks of swine nephropathy. Proceedings of IUPAC-Sponsored Symposium: Control of Mycotoxins, Go-tenburg, 19.
[3] Krough, P., Hald, B. and Pedersen, E.J. (1973) Occurrence of ochratoxin A and citrinin in cereals associated with mycotoxic porcine nephropathy. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B, 81, 689-695.
[4] Scott, P.M., Walbeek, W., van Harwig, J. and Fennell, D.I. (1970) Occurrence of a mycotoxin, ochratoxin A, in wheat and isolation of ochratoxin A and citrinin producing strains of Penicillium viridicatum. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 50, 583-585. doi:10.4141/cjps70-108
[5] Scott, P.M., Walbeek, W., van Kennedy, B. and Anyeti, D. (1972) Mycotoxins (ochratoxin A, citrinin, and sterigmatocystin) and toxigenic fungi in grains and other agricultural products. Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 20, 1103-1109. doi:10.1021/jf60184a010
[6] Prior, M.G. (1976) Mycotoxin determination on animal feedstuffs and tissues in Western Canada. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine, 40, 75-79.
[7] Ahamad, D.B. and Vairamuthu, S. (2000) Occurrence of citrinin mycotoxin in compounded feeds and various feed ingredients of poultry ration in Namakkal area (Tamil Nadu). Indian Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 10, 84-86.
[8] Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A. and Manderville, R.A. (2007) Ochratoxin A: An overview on toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals and humans. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 51, 61-99. doi:10.1002/mnfr.200600137
[9] Kononenko, G.P. and Burkin, A.A. (2008) A survey on the occurrence of citrinin in feeds and their ingredients in Russia. Mycotoxin Research, 24, 3-6. doi:10.1007/BF02985263
[10] Kononenko, G.P. and Soboleva, N.A. (2004) Improvement of methods for ochratoxin A determination in feeds based on enzyme immunoassay. Russian Agricultural Sciences, 6, 23-27.
[11] Burkin, A.A., Kononenko, G.P. and Soboleva, N.A. (2005) Ochratoxin A contamination of grain feeds. Russian Agricultural Sciences, 3, 32-35.
[12] Suganthi, M.P.F., Ravi, R., Purushothaman, M.R., Monah, B. and Vasanthakumar, P. (2003) Occurrence of ochratoxin A in sunflower cake in poultry. Indian Journal of Poultry Science, 38, 37-41.
[13] Hanif, N.Q., Muhammad, N., Khatoon, S. and Malik, N. (2005) Prevalence of mycotoxins in poultry finished feed. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 4, 189-193.
[14] Meister, U. (2003) Detection of citrinin in ochratoxin Acontaining products by a new HPLC method. Myco-toxin Research, 19, 27-30. doi:10.1007/BF02940087
[15] Stahr, H.M., Domoto, M., Zhu, B.L. and Pfeiffer, R. (1985) Chemical analysis for ochratoxin poisoning. Mycotoxin Research, 1, 31-35. doi:10.1007/BF03191952
[16] Vrabcheva, T., Usleber, E., Dietrich, R. and Martlbauer, E. (2000) Co-occurrence of ochratoxin A and citrinin in cereals from Bulgarian villages with a history of Balkan endemic nephropathy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 2483-2488. doi:10.1021/jf990891y
[17] Frank, H.K. (1992) Citrinin. Zeit-schrift fur Ernahrung-swissenschaft, 31, 164-177. doi:10.1007/BF01611139
[18] Varga, J., Rigo, K., Teren, J. and Mesterhazy, A. (2001) Recent advances in ochratoxin research I. Production, detection and occurrence of ochratoxins. Cereal Research Communications, 29, 85-92.
[19] Eroshkin, A.A., Soboleva, N.A., Burkin, A.A. and Kononenko, G.P. (2000) Ochratoxin A producers in grain feeds. Problemy veterinarnoi sanitarii i ekologii. Sbornik nauchnych trudov, 109, 134-144.
[20] Vasyl’ev, D.A., Piryazeva, E.A. and Soboleva, N.A. (2009) A high active producer of ochratoxin A from forage grain. Veterinarnaya Patologiya, 30, 72-75.
[21] Bayman, P., Baker, J.L., Doster, M.A., Michailides, T.J. and Mahoney, N.E. (2002) Ochratoxin production by the Aspergillus ochraceus Group and Aspergillus alliaceus. Applied and Environ-mental Microbiology, 68, 2326-2329. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.5.2326-2329.2002
[22] Czerwiecki, L., Czajkowska, D. and Witkowska-Gwiazdowska, A. (2002) On ochratoxin A and fungal flora in polish cereals from conventional and ecological farms. Part I. Occurrence of ochratoxin A and fungi in cereals in 1997. Food Additives and Contaminants, 19, 470-477. doi:10.1080/02652030110113726
[23] Boley, A. and Muller, H.M. (1986) Production of ochratoxin A, citrinin and ergosterol by Penicillium viridicatum in autoclaved and non-autoclaved wheat at low temperature. Mycotoxin Research, 2, 99-103. doi:10.1007/BF03191970
[24] Harwig, J. and Chen, Y.K. (1974) Some conditions favoring production of ochratoxin A and citrinin by Penicillium viridicatum in wheat and barley. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 54, 17-22. doi:10.4141/cjps74-003
[25] Krough, P. (1973) Nephropathy caused by mycotoxins from Penicillium and Aspergillus. Journal of Genetics and Microbiology, 73, 34-35.
[26] Krough, P., Hasselager, E. and Friis, P. (1970) Studies on fungal nephro-toxicity. II. Isolation of 2 nephrotoxic compounds from Penicillium viridicatum West: Citrinin and oxalic acid. Acta Patho-logica et Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B, 78, 401-413.
[27] Pitt, J.I. (1987) Penicillium viridicatum, Penicillium verrucosum, and production of ochratoxin A. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 53, 266-269.
[28] Scudamore, K.A., Clarke, J.H. and Hetmanski, M.T. (1993) Isolation of Penicillium strains producing ochratoxin A, citrinin, xantho-megnin, viomellein and vioxanthin from stored cereal grains. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 17, 82-87. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.1993.tb00377.x

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.