Synthesis of Barium Nickel Titanium Oxide Stabilized by Citric Acid

K. Y. Chew, M. Abu Bakar, N.H.H. Abu Bakar

Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia..

DOI: 10.4236/mnsms.2013.31B007                

Abstract

Barium nickel titanium oxide particles (Ba₂NiTi₅O₁₃) were synthesized in the presence of citric acid by using a two step sol-gel method followed by calcination. The addition of citric acid as a stabilizer (mole ratio of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0) resulted in the formation of Ba₂NiTi₅O₁₃ particles with various morphology (i.e. sphere, cube, rod). These various morphology changes were deduced to be caused by citric acid that tends to absorbed on certain dimension of the Ba₂NiTi₅O₁₃ particles when different concentration of citric acid was added. Besides that, the growth of Ba₂NiTi₅O₁₃ particles from incorporation of bulky micelles which act as a protective 'shell' that control particle sizes by attaching on the surfaces of particles.

Keywords

Barium Nickel Titanium Oxide; Citric Acid; Morphology

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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