Ocular Toxoplasmosis: A Case Report

Sara Ortiz, Raul Martin, Victoria de Juan

Optometry Research Group, IOBA-Eye Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.

DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2013.41001                

Abstract

Report a case of a male patient with a macular scar compatible with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) in right eye (RE) and review the relevant literature on this disease. A patient, who attended for a routine contact lens follow up, presented with amblyopic exotropia without any ocular disease. Best-corrected visual acuity of the affected eye was 20/40 with constant and mono-fixation exotropia. Ophthalmoscopic assessment revealed a macular scar compatible with OT. OT is the leading cause of infection in the posterior segment. Inactive cases could be asymptomatic and diagnosis requires a complete eye examination, providing a correct diagnosis and patient management.

Keywords

Toxoplasmosis; Retinochoroiditis; Ophthalmoscopy; Posterior Uveitis

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	G. N. Holland, “LX Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture Ocular Toxoplasmosis: A Global Reassessment. Part I: Epidemiology and Course of the Disease,” American Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol. 136, No. 6, 2003, pp. 973-988. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2003.09.040
[2]	J. M. Furtado, K. L. Winthrop, N. J. Butler and J. R. Smith, “Ocular toxoplasmosis I: Parasitology, Epidemiology and Public Health,” Clinical and Experiment Ophthalmology, 2012 (in press). doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02821.x
[3]	B. Bodaghi, V. Touitou, C. Fardeau, L. Paris and P. Le-Hoang, “Toxoplasmosis: New Challenges for an Old Disease,” Eye, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2012, pp. 241-244. doi:10.1038/eye.2011.331
[4]	N. J. London, A. Hovakimyan, L. D. Cubillan, C. D. Siveiro and E. T. Cunningham, “Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Causes of Vision Loss in Patients with Ocular Toxoplasmosis,” European Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol. 21, No. 6, 2011, pp. 811-819. doi:10.5301/EJO.2011.6403
[5]	E. Delair, P. Latkany, A. G. Noble, P. Rabiah, R. McLeod and A. Brézin, “Clinical Manifestations of Ocular Toxoplasmosis,” Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, Vol. 19; No. 2, 2011, pp. 91-102. doi:10.3109/09273948.2011.564068
[6]	G. N. Holland, “LX Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture Ocular Toxoplasmosis: A Global Reassessment. Part II: Disease Manifestations and Management,” American Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol. 137, No. 1, 2004, pp. 1-17. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2003.10.032
[7]	M. Cordero-Coma, E. Pérez, S. Calleja and J. M. García Ruiz de Morales, “Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis: Relapse vs Choroidal Neovascular Membrane,” Archivos de la Sociedad Espa?ola de Oftalmologia, Vol. 85, No. 12, 2010, pp. 410-413.
[8]	D. Wakefield, E. T. Cunningham, C. Pavesio, J. G. Garweg and M. Zierhut, “Controversies in Ocular Toxoplasmosis.” Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2011, pp. 2-9. doi:10.3109/09273948.2011.547157
[9]	M. Soheilian, A. Ramezani, A. Azimzadeh, M. M. Sadoughi, M. H. Dehghan, R. Shahghadami, M. Yaseri and G. A. Peyma, “Randomized Trial of Intravitreal Clindamycin and Dexamethasone versus Pyrimethamine, Sulfadiazine, and Prednisolone in Treatment of Ocular Toxoplasmosis.” Ophthalmology, Vol. 118; No. 1, 2011; pp. 134-141. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.04.020
[10]	C. Silveira, R. Belfort Jr., C. Muccioli, G. N. Holland, C. G. Victora, B. L. Horta, F. Yu and R. B. Nussenblatt, “The Effect of Long-Term Intermittent Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole Treatment on Recurrences of Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis,” American Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol. 134, No. 1, 2002, pp. 41-46. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01527-1