Cellular Profiles in Peripheral Blood Accompanying Particular Asthmatic Response Types

Zdenek Pelikan

Allergy Research Foundation, Breda, The Netherlands.

DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2012.36088                

Abstract

Background: Patients with allergic bronchial asthma develop various asthmatic response types to bronchial challenge with allergen, such as immediate (IAR), late (LAR), dual late (DLAR) or delayed (DYAR), displaying different clinical, immunologic and pharmacologic features. This study deals with count changes of particular blood cells accompanying the IAR, LAR and DYAR. Methods: In 63 patients developing 22 IAR, 26 LAR and 15 DYAR, the repeated allergen challenges were supplemented with recording of blood cell counts, Th₁/Th₂ ratio, leukotrines B₄ (LTB₄) and C₄ (LTC₄), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and histamine in blood, and intracellular IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results: The IAR was accompanied by increased eosinophil and basophil counts, increased serum concentrations of histamine, LTC₄ and ECP, decreased Th₁/Th₂ ratio in favour of Th₂ cells, and increased intracellular IL-4. The LAR was associated with increased eosinophil and neutrophil counts, increased serum concentrations of LTC₄ and LTB₄, unchanged Th₁/Th₂ ratio, and increased intra-cellular IL-4. The DYAR was accompanied by increased total leukocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte and thrombocyte counts, increased serum concentrations of LTB₄ and MPO, increased Th₁/Th₂ ratio in favour of Th₁ cells, and increased intracellular IFN-γ. Conclusions: These results provide evidence for different involvement of particular blood cell types and different hypersensitivity mechanisms in IAR, LAR and DYAR. The monitoring of peripheral blood cell counts seems to be an useful supplementary parameter to the bronchial challenge with allergen.

Keywords

Blood Cell Counts; Immediate/Early Asthmatic Response; Late Asthmatic Response; Delayed Asthmatic Response

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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