Effect of Different Calcination Process and Gd₂O₃ as Impurities on the Different Phases of Bi-Based Superconductor

Ahmad Amirabadizadeh, Sara Memarzadeh, Naser Tajabor, Hadi Arabi

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Fer-dowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.

DOI: 10.4236/wjcmp.2012.23024                

Abstract

In this research two samples of a nominal composition Bi_1.6Pb_0.4Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x were prepared by the solid state reaction method, using two different routes. Codes A and B are used to refer to the two samples. In preparing sample A, the standard method for calcination was used, while for sample B, the SrCO₃ and CaCO₃ were calcinated at 1100℃ for 3 h. Calcination was done separately on SrCO₃ and CaCO₃ in order to eliminate CO₂. Then after mixing and grinding, the powder mixtures of Bi₂O₃, CuO, PbO, SrO and CaO were calcinated at 840℃ for 70 h. Also, the samples (samples C) of nominal compositions Bi_1.6Pb_0.4Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x+ % x Gd₂O₃ (% x = 0, 3, 5, 7 and 9) have been synthesized by this method. The XRD and SEM results show that addition of Gd₂O₃ helps to increase the amount of Bi-2212 phase, while alternative calcination process improves the formation of the Bi-2223 phase. In addition, the AC susceptibility measurements confirm the XRD and SEM results.

Keywords

Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System; X-Ray Diffraction; Scanning Electron Microscopy; AC Susceptibility

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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