In Situ Hydroxyapatite Synthesis: Influence of Collagen on Its Structural and Morphological Characteristic

Luis C. Mendes, Geysy L. Ribeiro, Raphaella C. Marques

Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloísa Mano (IMA), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

DOI: 10.4236/msa.2012.38083                

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized in situ by the precipitation method, with and without the presence of collagen (COLL), to study its influence on HA’s structural and morphological characteristics. The material was characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Ca/P molar ratio was influenced by collagen addition—1.89 and 2.38 for samples without and with collagen, respectively. The WAXD pattern revealed better resolution and intensity besides higher crystallinity degree of the HA in the presence of collagen. The photomicrographs showed a strong influence of collagen on the HA morphology.

Keywords

Hydroxyapatite; Collagen; In Situ; Precipitation Method; Morphology

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	R. K. Brundavanam, Z. T. Jiang, P. Chapman, X. T. Lê, N. Mondinod, D. Fawcett and G. E. J. Poinem, “Effect of Dilute Gelatine on the Ultrasonic Thermally Assisted Synthesis of Nano Hydroxyapatite,” Ultrasonics Sono- chemistry, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2011, pp. 697-703. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.11.007
[2]	K. Sato, Y. Hotta, T. Nagaoka, M. Yasuoka and K. Wa- tari, “Agglomeration Control of Hydroxyapatite Nano- Crystals Grown in Phase-Separated Microenvironments,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 41, No. 17, 2006, pp. 5424-5428. doi:10.1007/s10853-006-0258-6
[3]	A. S. Fomin, S. M. Barinov, V. M. Ielev, V. V. Smirnov, B. P. Mikhailov, S. V. Kutsev, E. K. Belongov and N. A. Drozdova, “Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Ceramics,” Inorganic Materials, Vol. 41, No. 10, 2009, pp. 1193- 1196. doi:10.1134/S0020168509100203
[4]	G. Zuo, C. Liu, H. Luo, F. He, H. Liang, J. Wang and Y. Wan, “Synthesis of Intercalated Lamellar Hydroxyapatite/ Gelatin Nanocomposite for Bone Substitute Application,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 113, No. 5, 2009, pp. 3089-3094.
[5]	Y. J. Yin, F. Zhao, X. F. Song, K. D. Yao, W. W. Lu and J. C. Leong, “Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan-Gelatin Network Composite,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 77, No. 13, 2000, pp. 2929-2938. doi:10.1002/1097-4628(20000923)77:13<2929::AID-APP16>3.0.CO;2-Q
[6]	K.-L. Ou, R.-J. Chung, F.-Y. Tsai, P.-Y. Liang, S.-W. Huang and S.-Y. Chang, “Effect of Collagen on the Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coatings,” Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2011, pp. 618-624.
[7]	K. Gelse, E. Poschl and T. Aigner, “Collagens-Structure, Function, and Biosynthesis,” Advanced Drug Delyvery Reviews, Vol. 55, No. 12, 2003, pp. 1531-1546. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2003.08.002
[8]	P. Singh, S. Benjakul, S. Maqsood and H. Kishimura, “Isolation and Characterization of Collagen Extrated from the Skin of Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthal- mus),” Food Chemistry, Vol. 124, No. 1, 2011, pp. 97- 105. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.111
[9]	W. Friess, “Collagen—biomaterial for Drug Delivery,” European Journal of Pharmaceutcs and Biopharmaceutcs, Vol. 45, No. 2, 1998, pp. 113-136. doi:10.1016/S0939-6411(98)00017-4
[10]	S. Ricard-Blum and F. Ruggiero, “The Collagen Superfamily: From the Extracellular Matrix to the Cell Membrane,” Pathoogie Biologie, Vol. 53, No. 7, 2005, pp. 430-442. doi:10.1016/j.patbio.2004.12.024
[11]	H. W. Kim, H. E. Kim and V. Salih, “Stimulation of Osteoblast Responses to Biomimetic Nanocomposites of Gelatin-Hydroxyapatite for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds,” Biomaterials, Vol. 26, No. 25, 2005, pp. 5221-5230. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.01.047
[12]	D. I. Zeugolis, S. T. Khew, E. S. Y. Yew, A. K. Ekaputra, Y. W. Tong, L.-Y. L. Yung, D. W. Hutmacher, C. Sheppard and M. Raghunath, “Electro-Spinning of Pure Collagen Nano-Fibers—Just an Expensive Way to Make Gelatin?” Biomaterials, Vol. 29, No. 15, 2008, pp. 2293- 2305. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.02.009
[13]	A. A. Haroum, H. H. Beherei and M. A. Abd El-Ghaffar, “Preparation, Characterization, and in Vitro Application of Composite Films Based on Gelatin and Collagen from Natural Resources,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 116, No. 4, 2010, pp. 2083-2094.
[14]	H. Staroszczyk, J. Pielichowska, K. Sztuka, J. Stangret and I. kolodziejska, “Molecular and Structural Characteristics of Cod Gelatin Films Modified with EDC and Tgase,” Food Chemistry, Vol. 130, No. 15, 2012, pp. 335-343. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.047
[15]	F. Cúneo, L. Costa-Paiva, A. M. Pinto-Neto, S. S. Morais and J. Amaya-Frafan, “Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Collagen Hydrolysates on Bone Metabolism of Postmenopausal Women with Low Mineral Density,” Maturitas, Vol. 65, No. 3, 2010, pp. 253-257. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.10.002
[16]	B. Giménez, A. Alemán, P. Montero, M. C. Gómez- Guillén, “Antioxidant and Functional Properties of Gelatin Hydrolysates Obtained from Skin of Sole and Squid,” Food Chemistry, Vol. 114, No. 3, 2009, pp. 976-983. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.10.050
[17]	S. Hillson, “Teeth,” Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511614477
[18]	L. Zhang, P. Tang, M. Xu, W. Zhang, W. Chai and Y. Wang, “Effects of Crystalline Phase On The Biological Properties of Collagen-Hydroxyapatite Composites,” Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 6, No. 6, 2010, pp. 2189-2199.
[19]	A. Ficai, E. Androsceneu, G. Voicu, C. Ghitulica and D. Ficai, “The Influence of Collagen Support and Ionic Species on the Morphology of Collagen/Hydroxyapatite Compsite Materials,” Materials Characterization, Vol. 61, No. 4, 2010, pp. 402-407. doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2010.01.003
[20]	V. P. Orlovskii,. V. S. Komlev and S. M. Barinov, “Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite-Based Ceramics,” Inorganic Mateials, Vol. 38, No. 10, 2002, pp.1159-1172. doi:10.1023/A:1020585800572
[21]	A. Ficai, E. Androsceneu, G. Voicu, C. Ghitulica and B. S. Vasile, “Self-Assembled Collagen/Hydroxyapatite Composite Materials,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 160, No. 2, 2010, pp. 794-800. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2010.03.088
[22]	B. Y. Wang, C. Yang, X. Chen and N. Zhao, “Biomimetic Formation of Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Matrix Composite,” Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 8, No. 1-2, 2006, pp. 97-100. doi:10.1002/adem.200500220
[23]	A. Ficai, E. Andronescu, G. Voicu, D. Manzu and M. Ficai, “Layer by Layer Deposition of Hydroxyapatite onto the Collagen Matrix,” Materials Science and Engineering C, Vol. 29, No. 7, 2009, pp. 2217-2220. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2009.05.005
[24]	L. C. Mendes, R. C. Rodrigues and E. P. Silva, “Thermal, Structural and Morphological Assessment of PVP/HA Composites,” Journal of Thermal Analysis Calorimetric, Vol. 101, No. 3, 2010, pp. 899-905. doi:10.1007/s10973-010-0835-4
[25]	H. Y. Jeong, J. H. Lee and K. F. Hayes, “Characterization of Synthetic Nanocrystalline Mackinawite: Crystal Structure, Particle Size, and Specific Surface Area,” Geo- chimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 72, No. 2, 2008, pp. 493-505. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.008
[26]	T.-G. Kim and B. Park, “Synthesis and Growth Mechanismis of One-Dimensional Strontium Hydroxyapatite Nanostructures,” Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 44, No. 26, 2005, pp. 9895-9901. doi:10.1021/ic051013m
[27]	W.-J. Shih, Y.-F. Chen, M.-C. Wang and M.-H. Hon, “Crystals Growth and Morphology of the Nano-Sized Hydroxyapatite Powders Synthesized from CaHPO4?2H2O and CaCO3 by Hydrolysis Method,” Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 270, No. 1-2, 2004, pp. 211-218. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.06.023
[28]	Y. Sun, G. Guo, D. Tao and Z. Wang, “Reverse Micro- emulsion-Directed Synthesis Of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Under Hydrotherma Conditions,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. Vol. 68, No. 3, 2007, pp 373-377. doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.11.026
[29]	M. C. Chang and J. Tanaka, “FT-IR Study for Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Nanocomposite Cross-Linked by Glutaraldehyde” Biomaterials, Vol. 23, No. 24, 2002, pp. 4811- 4818. doi:10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00232-6
[30]	M. Jevtic, A. Radulovic, N. Ignjatovic, M. Mitric and D. Uskokovic, “Controlled Assembly of Poly (D,L-Lactide- Co-Glycolide)/Hydroxyapatite Core-Shell Nanospheres under Ultrasonic Irradiation,” Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2009, pp. 208-218. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2008.07.026
[31]	A. Sionkowska and J. Kozlowska, “Characterization of Collagen/Hydroxyapatite Composite Sponges as a Potential Bone Substitute,” Interational Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Vol. 47, No. 4, 2010, pp. 483- 487. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.07.002
[32]	S.-H. Teng, E.-J. Lee, P. Wang and H.-E. Kim, “Collagen/Hydroxyapatite Composite Nanofibers by Electro- spinning,” Materials Leters, Vol. 62, No. 17-18, 2008, pp. 3055-3058. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2008.01.104