Magnetic Properties of Cu_1-xZn_xFe₂ O₄Ferrites with the Variation of Zinc Concen-tration

Shahida Akhter, Deba Prasad Paul, Md. Abdul Hakim, Shireen Akhter, Sheikh Manjura Hoque, Hari Narayan Das

Department of Physics, University of Chittagong.
Materials Science Division, Atomic Energy Centre.

DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2012.35055                

Abstract

Cu-Zn ferrite with general formula of Cu_1-xZn_xFe₂ O₄ with a range from x = 0.0 to 0.7 (in steps of 0.1) was prepared by using standard ceramic techniques. The confirmation of sin-gle-phase formation was carried out by employing X-ray diffraction technique. Some of the magnetic properties were measured, such as Curie temperature, the complex permeability and low field hysteresis loop. It was found that Curie temperature T_c decreases from 464?C to 20?C. The real part of initial permeability, μ_′ in-crease with increasing Zn contents up to x = 0.5 after that it decreases with higher Zn content. Low field hysteresis measurement was carried out at room temperature and this measurement with the increase of Zn²⁺ ions yields the increase of saturation magnetic induction (B_y) and magnetic remanance (B_r) up to x = 0.4 thereafter it decreases. The decrease in corecivity (H_c) and hysteresis loss is observed for all samples. In view of this, the possible changes in magnetic properties with the increase in Zn concentration are un-dertaken.

Keywords

XRD; Curie Temperature; Initial Permeability; Hysteresis Loop; Coercivity

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	S. A. Patil, S. M. Otari, V. C. Mahajan, M. G. Patil, A. B. Patil, M. K. Soudagar, B. L. Patil and S. R. Sawant, “Structural, IR and Magnetisation Studies on La3+ Substituted Copper Ferrite,” Solid State Communication, Vol. 78, No. 1, 1991, pp. 39-42. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(91)90805-6
[2]	E. E. Riches, “A Review of Materials and Applications,” Mills and Boon, London, 1972.
[3]	S. C. Byeon, K. S. Gong, J. G. Park and W. N. Kang, “Origin of the Increase in Resistivity of Manganese-Zinc Ferrite Polycrystals with Oxygen Partial Pressure,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 81, No. 12, 1997, pp. 7835- 7941. doi:10.1063/1.365393
[4]	M. Brofonik, A. Znidarsic and I. Zajc, “Highly Resistive Grain Boundaries in Doped Mn Zn Ferrites for High Frequency Power Supplies,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 82, No. 1, 1997, p. 333.
[5]	D. Ravinder, “Electrical Transport Properties of Cadmium Substituted Copper Ferrites,” Materials Letters, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2000, pp. 129-138. doi:10.1016/S0167-577X(99)00245-1
[6]	K. Vijaya Kumar and D. Ravinder, “Electrical Conductivity of Ni-Zn-Gd Ferrites,” Materials Letters, Vol. 52, No. 3, 2002, pp. 166-168. doi:10.1016/S0167-577X(01)00385-8
[7]	J. B. Nelson and D. P. Riley, “An Experimental Investigation of Extrapolation Methods in the Derivation of Accurate Unit-Cell Dimensions of Crystals,” Proceeding of Physical Society, Vol. 57, No. 3, 1945, p. 160. doi:10.1088/0959-5309/57/3/302
[8]	L. Vegard, “Zeitschrift Fur Physik a Hadrons and Nuclei,” Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 5, 1921, p. 17.
[9]	J. Smit and H. P. Wijn, “Ferrites,” Wiley, New York, 1959, p. 143.
[10]	B. P. Ladgaonkar, P. N. Vasambekar and A. S. Vaingankar, “Effect of Zn2+ and Nd3+ Substitution on Magnetisation and AC Susceptibility of Mg Ferrite,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 210, No. 1-3, 2000, pp. 289-294. doi:10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00468-0
[11]	S. S. Bellad, S. C. Watawe and B. K. Chougule, “Micro- Structure and Permeability Studies of Mixed Li-Cd Ferrites,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 195, No. 1, 1999, pp. 57-64. doi:10.1016/S0304-8853(98)01073-7
[12]	F. C. Romejin, “Physical and Crystallographic Properties of Some Spinel,” Philips Research Reports, Vol. 8, 1953, pp. 304-342.
[13]	I. P. Parkin, G. E. Eluin, A. V. Komarov, Q. T. Bui and Q. A. Pankhurst, “Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis of Hexagonal Ferrites MFe12O19 (M = Sr, Ba),” Advanced Materials, Vol. 9, No. 8, 1997, pp. 643-645. doi:10.1002/adma.19970090811
[14]	A. Globus, H. Pascard and V. J. Cagon, “Volume Effect in Photofield Emission from Metals,” Journal de Physique Archives, Vol. 38, 1977, pp. 163-167. doi:10.1051/jphys:01977003802016300
[15]	S. Manjura Hoque, M. Samir Ullah, F. A. Khan, M. A. Hakim and D. K. Saha, “Structural and Magnetic Properties of Li-Cu Mixed Spinel Ferrites,” Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol. 406, No. 9, 2011, pp. 1799-1804. doi:10.1016/j.physb.2011.02.031
[16]	A. A. Sattar and M. A. Samy, “Effect of Sm Substitution on the Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Cu-Zn Ferrite,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 37, No. 20, 2002, pp. 4499-4502. doi:10.1023/A:1020614300002
[17]	M. Manjurul Haque, M. Huq and M. A. Hakim, “Influence of CuO and Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Mg-Cu-Zn Ferrites,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 320, No. 21, 2008, pp. 2792-2799. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.06.017
[18]	S. S. Bellad, S. C. Watawe, A. M. Shaikh and B. K. Chougule, “Cadmium Substituted High Permeability Lithium Ferrite,” Bulletin Materials Science, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2000, pp. 83-85. doi:10.1007/BF02706546
[19]	S. Akhter and M. A. Hakim, “Magnetic Properties of Cadmium Substituted Lithium Ferrites,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 120, No. 2-3, 2010, pp. 399-403. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.11.023
[20]	J. Smit and H. P. Wijn, “Ferrites,” Wiley, New York, 1959, p. 157.
[21]	N. Bloembergen, “Magnetic Resonance in Ferrites,” Proceedings of the Institute of Electronic and Radio Engineers, Vol. 44, 1956, p. 1259.
[22]	G. T. Rado, R. W. Wright and W. H. Emerson, “Ferromagnetism at Very High Frequencies. III. Two Mechanisms of Dispersion in a Ferrite,” Physics Review, Vol. 80, No. 2, 1950, pp. 273-280. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.80.273
[23]	J. Smit and H. P. Wijn, “Ferrites,” Wiley, New York, 1959, p. 268.
[24]	T. Nakamura, T. Miyamoto and Y. Yamada, “Complex Permeability Spectra of Polycrystalline Li-Zn Ferrite and Application to EM-Wave Absorber,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 256, No. 1-3, 2003, pp. 340-347. doi:10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00698-4
[25]	F. G. Brckman, P. H. Dowling and W. G. Steneck, “Dimensional Effects Resulting from a High Dielectric Constant Found in a Ferromagnetic Ferrite,” Physics Review, Vol. 77, No. 1, 1950, pp. 85-93. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.77.85
[26]	J. M. D. Cocy, “Rare-Earth Permanent Magnetism,” John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996.
[27]	N. Yahja, A. Salwani, A. A. Aziz, et al., “Synthesis and Charaterization of Magnesium Zinc Ferrites as Electromagnetic Source” American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2008, pp. 53-56. doi:10.3844/ajeassp.2008.53.56
[28]	S. A. Mazen and H. A. Dawoud, “Structure and Magnetic Properties of Li-Cu Ferrite,” Physica Status Solid (a), Vol. 172, No. 2, 1999, pp. 275-289. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-396X(199904)172:2<275::AID-PSSA275>3.0.CO;2-H