Safening effect of bentazon on cloransulam-methyl and halosulfuron-methyl in dry bean

Nader Soltani, Christy Shropshire, Peter H. Sikkema

University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ontario, Canada.

DOI: 10.4236/as.2012.33043                

Abstract

Bentazon, applied as a tankmix, has been shown to have the potential for reducing the injury from some POST herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 at Exeter, ON and in 2009 at Ridgetown, ON to determine if the addition of bentazon reduces the injury from cloransulam-methyl or halosulfuron-methyl applied POST in black, cranberry, kidney and white beans. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl reduced the level of injury 0 to 6% at 17.5 g·ai·ha^–1 and 0 to 9% at 35 g·ai·ha^–1 in dry bean. Bentazon added to halosulfuron-methyl reduced the level of injury as much as 4% at 35 g·ai·ha^–1 and 6% at the 70 g·ai·ha^–1. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl increased plant height as much as 3 cm. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl had no effect on the height of various market classes of dry bean. Bentazon added to cloran-sulam-methyl generally has no effect on seed moisture content in black and white bean but decreased seed moisture content of cranberry and kidney bean as much as 4%. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl caused no effect on seed moisture content of dry bean. Cloransulam-methyl caused a 7% to 18% reduction in dry bean yield compared to halosulfuron-methyl and 12% to 21% reduction in yield compared to bentazon. Bentazon added to cloransulam-methyl increased dry bean yield by 0.16 and 0.31 t·ha^–1 at Exeter (2009) and Ridgetown (2009) respectively. The addition of bentazon to halosulfuron-methyl had no effect on dry bean yield.

Keywords

Bentazon; Cloransulam-Methyl; Crop Injury; Halosulfuron-Methyl; Safening; Phaseolus Vulgaris; Sensitivity

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	McGee, B. (2010) Estimated area, yield, production and farm value of specified field crops, Ontario, 2001-2010. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food and Rural Affairs. http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/stats/crops/estimate_metric.html
[2]	Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (2010) Guide to weed control. Publication 75, Toronto.
[3]	Senseman, S.A. (2007) Herbicide handbook. 9th Edition, Champaign.
[4]	Soltani, N., Shropshire C. and Sikkema P.H. (2010) Tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean to cloransulam-methyl. Weed Biology and Management, 10, 33-39. doi:10.1111/j.1445-6664.2010.00364.x
[5]	Bauer, T.A., Renner, K.A., Penner, D. and Kelly, J.D. (1995) Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varietal tolerance to imazethapyr. Weed Science, 43, 417-424.
[6]	Lycan, D.W. and Hart, S.E. (1999) Physiological response of soybean (Glycine max) and two weed species to thifensulfuron and bentazon combinations. Weed Science, 47, 143-148.
[7]	Moran, M., Sikkema, P.H., Hall, J.C. and Swanton, C.J. (2011) Sodium safens saflufenacil applied postemergence to corn (Zea mays). Weed Science, 59, 4-13. doi:10.1614/WS-D-10-00051.1
[8]	Weinberg, T., Stephenson, G.R., McLean, M.D., Satchivi, N.M. and Hall, J.C. (2007) Basis for antagonism by sodium bentazon of tritosulfuron toxicity to white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 2268-2275. doi:10.1021/jf062633o
[9]	Bartlett, M.S. (1947) The use of transformations. Biometrics, 3, 39-52. doi:10.2307/3001536
[10]	Soltani, N., Nurse, R.E., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P.H. (2009) Effect of halosulfuron applied preplant incorporated, preemergence, and postemergence on dry bean. Weed Technology, 23, 535-539. doi:10.1614/WT-09-047.1
[11]	Soltani, N. and Sikkema, P.H. (2005) White bean (phaseolus vulgaris) tolerance to preplant-incorporated herbicides. Weed Biology and Management, 5, 35-38. doi:10.1111/j.1445-6664.2005.00153.x
[12]	Stewart, C.L., Nurse, R.E., Gillard, C. and Sikkema, P.H. (2010) Tolerance of adzuki bean to preplant-incorporated, pre-emergence, and post-emergence herbicides in Ontario, Canada. Weed Biology and Management, 10, 40-47. doi:10.1111/j.1445-6664.2010.00365.x
[13]	Wall, D.A. (1995) Bentazon tank-mixtures for improved redwood pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) control in navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Technology, 9, 610- 616.
[14]	Silvey, B.D., Mitchem, W.E., Macrae, A.W. and Monks, D.W. (2006) Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) tolerance to halosulfuron PRE, POST, or PRE followed by POST. Weed Technology, 20, 873-876. doi:10.1614/WT-05-046.1
[15]	Arnold, N.R., Murray, W.M., Gregory, J.E. and Smeal, D. (1993) Weed control in pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with imazethapyr combinations. Weed Technology, 7, 361-364.
[16]	Blackshaw, R.E. and Esau, R. (1991) Control of annual broadleaf weeds in pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Technology, 5, 532-538.
[17]	Renner, K.A. and Powell, G.E. (1992) Responses of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in rotation to clomazone, imazethapyr, bentazon, and aciflurofen. Weed Science, 40, 127-133.
[18]	Wilson, R.G. Jr. and Miller, S.D. (1991) Dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) responses to imazethapyr. Weed Technology, 5, 22-26.
[19]	Soltani, N., Nurse, R.E., Robinson, D.E. and Sikkema, P.H. (2008) Response of pinto and Small Red Mexican bean to postemergence herbicides. Weed Technology, 22, 195-199. doi:10.1614/WT-07-091.1
[20]	VanGessel, J.M., Monks, W.D. and Quintin, R.J. (2000) Herbicides for potential use in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) production. Weed Technology, 14, 279-286. doi:10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0279:HFPUIL]2.0.CO;2
[21]	Blackshaw, R.E., Molnar, J.L., Muendel, H., Saindon, G. and Xiangju L. (2000) Integration of cropping practices and herbicides improves weed management in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Technology, 14, 327-336. doi:10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0327:IOCPAH]2.0.CO;2
[22]	Sikkema, P.H., Soltani N., Shropshire, C. and Cowan. T. (2004) Tolerance of white beans to postemergence broad- leaf herbicides. Weed Technology, 18, 893-901. doi:10.1614/WT-03-043R3
[23]	Soltani, N., Bowley, S. and Sikkema P.H. (2005) Responses of black and cranberry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to postemergence herbicides. Crop Protection, 24, 15-21. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2004.06.003
[24]	Urwin, C.P., Wilson R.G. and Mortensen, D.A. (1996) Responses of dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars to four herbicides. Weed Technology, 10, 512-518.
[25]	Blackshaw, R.E. and Saindon, G. (1996) Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) tolerance to imazethapyr. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 76, 915-919. doi:10.4141/cjps96-153