Effects of Silica Sol on Structure and Properties of Core-Shell Silicon-Acrylic Materials

Xuan Li, Yiding Shen, Haihua Wang, Guiqiang Fei

Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China.

DOI: 10.4236/aces.2012.22023                

Abstract

Silica sol prepared by sol-gel method was introduced into poly (butyl acrylate) (PBA)/poly (butyl acrylate-styrene-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane) (PSBM) core-shell emulsions to prepare a series of paper surface sizing agents. The rheological measurement indicated that PSBM emulsions exhibited shear-thinning behavior, and the phenomena became more pronounced with increasing silica sol concentration. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated that the stronger interfacial interaction between silica sol and polymer matrix, but microphase separation took place with excess silica sol. Thereby the tensile strength and thermal stability of emulsion films were increased with desirable silica sol concentration, and when silica sol concentration was greater than 6 wt%, the tensile strength leveled off and the decomposition temperature decreased from 351.19℃ to 331.63℃. The degree of crystallinity increased from 5.12% to 10.98% with 4% silica sol addition, resulting in enhanced rigidity of films. Furthermore, the interaction between polymer and fiber was improved with certain amount of silica sol, resulting in improved sizing degree, ring crush strength, surface strength and folding strength. However, excessive crosslinking will be harmful for the properties of sized paper.

Keywords

Core-Shell Emulsion; Silica Sol; Thermal Property; Mechanical Property; Surface Sizing

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	X. Y. Xiao and C. C. Hao, “Preparation of Waterborne Epoxy Wcrylate/Silica Sol Hybrid Materials and Study of Their UV Curing Behavior,” Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Vol. 359, No. 1-3, 2010, pp. 82-87. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.01.067
[2]	M. Giulio, et al., “Hybrid Nanocomposites Containing Silica and PEO Segments: Preparation through DualCuring Process and Characterization,” Polymer, Vol. 46, 2005, pp. 2872-2879. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.045
[3]	Y. Q. Fu and Q. Q. Ni, “Interaction of PMMA-Silica in PMMA-Silica Hybrids under Acid Catalyst and Catalyst-Lsee Conditions,” Journal of Non-Crystalline solids, Vol. 351, No. 8-9, 2005, pp. 760-765. doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.01.052
[4]	W.-J. Huang and W.-F. Lee, “Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on Swelling Behaviors and Mechanical Properties of Thermosensitive Hybrid Gels,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 111, No. 4, 2009, pp. 2025-2034. doi:10.1002/app.29191
[5]	K. R. Sunajadevi and S. Sugunan, “Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Transition Metal-Loaded Sulfated Titania through Sol-Gel Method,” Materials Letters, Vol. 58, No. 26, 2004, pp. 3290-3296. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2004.06.019
[6]	L.-Y. Hong, Y.-S. Cho and D.-P. Kim, “Effect of Component Ratios on the Performance of UV Curing Organic/Inorganic Coating,” Journal of Industrial Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2005, pp. 275-279.
[7]	M. E. L. Wouters, D. P. Wolfs, M. C. van der Linde, J. P. H. Hovens and A. H. A. Tinnemans, “Transparent UV Curable Antistatic Hybrid Coatings on Polycarbonate Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method,” Progress in Organic Coatings, Vol. 51, No. 4, 2004, pp. 312-319. doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2004.07.020
[8]	T. Zhang, K. Xi, H. Chen and X. H. Yu, “Synthesis and Properties of Self-Crosslinkable Polyurethane-Urea with Silsesquioxane Formation,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 91, No. 1, 2004, pp. 190-195. doi:10.1002/app.13212
[9]	S. Patel, A. Bandyopadhyay, V. Vijayabaskar and A. K. Bhowmick, “Effect of Microstructure of Acrylic Copolymer/Terpolymer on the Properties of Silica Based Nanocomposites Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique,” Polymer, Vol. 46, No. 19, 2005, pp. 8079-8090. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.06.067
[10]	J.-W. Ha, I. J. Park, S.-B. Lee and D.-K. Kim, “Preparation and Characterization of Core-Shell Particles Containing Perfluoroalkyl Acrylate in the Shell,” Macromolecules, Vol. 35, No. 18, 2002, pp. 6811-6818. doi:10.1021/ma011692u
[11]	K.-H. Chung, “Effect of Silica Reinforcement on Natural Rubber and Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizates by a Sol-Gel Reaction with Tetraethoxysilane,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 108, No. 6, 2008, pp. 3952-3959. doi:10.1002/app.27921
[12]	S.-S. Choi, “Influence of Storage Time and Temperature and Silane Coupling Agent on Bound Rubber Formation in Filled Dtyrene-Butadiene Rubber Compounds,” Polymer Testing, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2002, pp. 201-208. doi:10.1016/S0142-9418(01)00071-X
[13]	Y. L. Zhao and S. Perrier, “Synthesis of Poly(Methyl Acrylate) Grafted onto Silica Particles by Z-Supported RAFT Polymerization,” Macromolecular Symposia, Vol. 248, No. 1, 2007, pp. 94-103. doi:10.1002/masy.200750210
[14]	D. S. C. dos Anjos, E. C. V. Revoredo and A. Galembeck, “Silicone-Polyacrylate Chemical Compatibilization with Organosilanes,” Polymer Engineering & Science, Vol. 50, No. 3, 2010, pp. 606-612. doi:10.1002/pen.21504
[15]	C. Y. Kan, X. Z. Kong, Q. Yuan and D. S. Liu, “Morphological Prediction and Its Application to the Synthesis of Polyacrylate/Polysiloxane Core/Shell Latex Particles,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 80, No. 12, 2001, pp. 2251-2258. doi:10.1002/app.1329
[16]	S. X. Li, A. Shah, A. J. Hsieh, R. Haghighat, S. S. Praveen, I. Mukherjee, E. Wei, Z. T. Zhang and Y. Wei, “Characterization of Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl MethacrylateSilica) Hybrid Materials with Different Silica Contents,” Polymer, Vol. 48, No. 14, 2007, pp. 3982-3989. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.05.025
[17]	X. Z. Kong, C. Y. Kan and Q. Yuan, “Preparation of Polyacrylate-Polysiloxane Core-Shell Latex Particles,” Polymers for Advanced Technologies, Vol. 7, No. 12, 1996, pp. 888-890. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1581(199612)7:12<888::AID-PAT598>3.0.CO;2-5
[18]	B. L. Liu, X. B. Deng, S. S. Cao, S. J. Li and R. Luo, “Preparation and Characterization of Core/Shell Particles with Siloxane in the Shell,” Applied Surface Science, Vol. 252, No. 6, 2006, pp. 2235-2241. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.03.223
[19]	T. Jesionowski, F. Ciesielczyk and A. Krysztafkiewicz, “Influence of Selected Alkoxysilanes on Dispersive Properties and Surface Chemistry of Spherical Silica Precipitated in Emulsion Media, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 119, No. 1-2, 2010, pp. 65-74. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.07.034
[20]	J.-S. Kang, C.-L. Yu, F.-A. Zhang, “Effect of Silane Modified SiO2 Particles on Poly(MMA-HEMA) SoapFree Emulsion Polymerization,” Iranian Polymer Journal, Vol. 12, No. 12, 2009, pp. 927-935.
[21]	Y. Q. Wang, Y. P. Li, R. Y. Zhang, L. Huang and W. W. He, “Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosilica/Polyacrylate Composite Latex,” Polymer Composites, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2006, pp. 282-288. doi:10.1002/pc.20200
[22]	H. H. Wang, X. R. Li and J. Mou, “Synthesis, Morphology and Rheology of Core-Shell Silicone Acrylic Emulsion Stabilized with Polymerisable Surfactant,” eXPRESS Polymer Letters, Vol. 4, No. 11, 2010, pp. 670-680. doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2010.82
[23]	G. Q. Fei, H. H. Wang, X. R. Li and J. Mou, “Rheology, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Core-Shell Silicon-Acrylic Copolymer Emulsion Films and Its Application on Surface Sizing: Role of Silane Coupling Agent,” Polymer Bulletin, Vol. 67, No. 6, 2011, pp. 1017-1028. doi:10.1007/s00289-011-0477-0
[24]	S.-H. Huang, T.-M. Don, W.-C. Lai, C.-C. Chen and L.-P. Cheng, “Porous Structure and Thermal Stability of Photosensitive Silica/Polyimide Composites Prepared by SolGel Process,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 114, No. 4, 2009, pp. 2019-2029. doi:10.1002/app.30790