An Integrative Comparison of Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network

Ali Norouzi, Abdul Halim Zaim

Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Commerce University (Eminonu), Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul University (Avcilar), Istanbul, Turkey.

DOI: 10.4236/wsn.2012.43010                

Abstract

Many advances have been made in sensor technologies which are as varied as the applications; and many more are in progress. It has been reasonable to design and develop small size sensor nodes of low cost and low power. In this work, we have explored some energy-efficient routing protocols (LEACH, Directed Diffusion, Gossiping and EESR) and their expansions (enhancements), and furthermore, their tactics specific to wireless sensor network, such as data aggregation and in-network processing, clustering, different node role assignment, and data-centric methods. After that we have compared these explored routing protocols based on different metrics that affect the specific application requirements and WSN in general.

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Network; Routing Protocol; Energy Consumption; LEACH; Directed Diffusion; Gossiping; EESR

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, “Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks,” Proceedings of the 33rd Annual International Conference on System Sciences, Vol. 2, Maui, 4-7 January 2000. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2000.926982
[2]	J. Zheng and A. Jamalipour, “Wireless Sensor Networks: A Networking Perspective,” John Wiley & Sons, Hobo-ken, 2009.
[3]	W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, “An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2002, pp. 660-670. doi:10.1109/TWC.2002.804190
[4]	X. N. Fan and Y. L. Song, “Improvement on LEACH Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network,” International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Application, Valencia, 14-20 October 2007, pp. 260-264.
[5]	V. Loscrì, G. Morabito and S. Marano, “A Two-Levels Hierarchy for Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy,” IEEE 62nd Vehicular Technology Conference, 25-28 September 2005, pp. 1809-1813
[6]	Hang Zhou, Zhe Jiang and Mo Xiaoyan, “Study and Design on Cluster Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks”, 2006.
[7]	M. B. Young, A. Al-zou'bi, Y. Khamayseh and W. Mardini, “Improvement on LEACH Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network (VLEACH),” International Journal of Digital Content Technology and Its Applications, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2009, pp. 132-136.
[8]	K. Sohraby, D. Minoli and T. Znati, “Wireless Sensor Net- works Technology, Protocols, and Applications,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, 2007.
[9]	C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan and D. Estrin, “Directed Diffusion: A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Boston, 6-11 August 2000, pp. 56-67.
[10]	Y. H. Lee, K. O. Lee, H. J. Lee and A. Kusdaryono, “CBERP: Cluster Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network,” Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Networking, VLSI and Signal Processing, Cambridge, 20-22 February 2010, pp. 24- 28.
[11]	I. Akyildiz and M. Canvuran, “Wireless Sensor Networks,” Wiley, London, 2010. doi:10.1002/9780470515181
[12]	M. Eroglu, “New Stack Architecture for Sensor Networks,” Master’s Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 2006.
[13]	W. Yen, C.-W. Chen and C.-H. Yang, “Single Gossiping with Directional Flooding Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks,” 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Singapore, 3-5 June 2008, pp. 1604-1609. doi:10.1109/ICIEA.2008.4582790
[14]	Y. C. Zhang and L. Cheng, “Flossiping: A New Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, Taipei, 21-23 March 2004, Vol. 2, pp. 1218-1223.
[15]	S. Kheiri, G. Ghaznavi, M. Rafiee and B. Seyfe “An Improved Gossiping Data Distribution Technique with Emphasis on Reliability and Resource Constraints,” IEEE International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing, Yunnan, 6-8 January 2009, pp. 247-252. doi:10.1109/CMC.2009.349
[16]	A. Norouzi, M. Dab-baghian, A. Hatamizadeh and B. Berk Ustundag, “An Improved ELGossiping Data Distribution Technique with Emphasis on Reliability and Resource Constraints in Wireless Sensor Network,” IEEE International Conference on Electronic Computer Technology, Kuala Lumpur, 7-10 May 2010, pp. 179-183.
[17]	H. Oh and K. Chae, “An Energy-Efficient Sensor Routing with Low Latency, Scalabilit in Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, Seoul, 26-28 April 2007, pp. 147-152.
[18]	H. Oh, H. Bahn and K. Chae, “An Energy-Efficient Sensor Routing Scheme for Home Automation Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 51, No. 3, 2005, pp. 836-839. doi:10.1109/TCE.2005.1510492
[19]	M. H. Khodashahi, A. Norouzi, F. Amiri and M. Dabbaghian, “A Novel Optimal Routing Algorithm by Creating Concentrically Sectors in Wireless Sensor Networks,” 8th IEEE Annual Communication Networks and Services Research Conference, Montreal, 11-14 May 2010, pp. 168-173.
[20]	J. N. Al-Karaki and A. E. Kamal. “Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey,” IEEE Wireless Communications, Vol. 11, No. 6, 2004, pp. 6-28. doi:10.1109/MWC.2004.1368893