A 19-year audit of benign jaw tumours and tumour-like lesions in a teaching hospital in Nairobi, Kenya

Fawzia M. Afrid Butt, Julius Ogengo, Jyoti Bahra, Mark L. Chindia, Elizabeth A. O. Dimba, Evelyn Wagaiyu

Dental Surgeon, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Periodontology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Pathology & Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Dept. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Human Anatomy University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

DOI: 10.4236/ojst.2012.21010                

Abstract

Background: The diversity of benign jaw tumours may cause difficulty in a correct diagnosis and insti-tution of an appropriate treatment. Data on the prevalence of these tumours is scarce from the Afri-can continent. We present a 19-year audit of benign jaw tumours and tumour-like lesions at a University teaching hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: Histo-pathological records were retrieved and re-examined from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial pathology, University of Nairobi from 1992 to 2011. The jaw tumours were classified according to the latest WHO classification. Results: During the 19-year audit, 4257 biopsies were processed of which 597 (14.02%) were jaw tumours within an age range of between 4 to 86 years. There was greater number of odontogenic tumours 417 (69.85%) than the bone related lesions 180 (30.15%). Of the odontogenic tumours, the epithetlial and in the bone related types, the fibro-osseous lesions were frequent. Conclusion: Ameloblastoma and ossifying fibroma were the most frequent tumours reported in this audit. The information regarding the prevalence of these tumours is scarce from the continent and can be useful in early detection and management before they cause facial deformity.

Keywords

Benign Jaw Tumours; Odontogenic Tumours; Bone Related Lesions

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Nzegwu, M.A., Uguru, C., Okafor, O.C., Ifeoma, O. and Olusna, D. (2008) Pattern of oral and jaw tumours seen in eastern Nigeria. European Journal of Cancer Care, 17, 532-534.
[2]	Odell, E.W. (2001) Bony lesions of the jaws and facial bones. CPD Cellular Pathology, 3, 28-32.
[3]	Barret, A.W. and Speight, P.M. (2001) Diagnostic problems in oral mucosal pathology and how to approach them. CPD Cellular Pathology, 3, 17-21.
[4]	Gupta, B. and Ponniah, I. (2010) The pattern of odontogenic tumors in a government teaching hospital in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 110, e32-e39. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.02.035
[5]	Regezi, J.A. and Scuibba, J. (1993) Oral pathology: Clinic-pathologic correlations. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
[6]	Barnes, L., Eveson, J., Reichart, P., Sidransky, D. and World Health Organization classification of tumours. (2005) Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumours. IARC Press, Lyon.
[7]	Ulmansky, M., Lustmann, J. and Balkin, N. (1999) Tumours and tumour-like lesions of the oral cavity and related structures in Israeli children. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 28, 291-294. doi:10.1016/S0901-5027(99)80161-1
[8]	Arotiba, J.T., Ogunbiyi, J.O. and Obiechina, A.E. (1997) Odontogenic tumours: A 15-year review from Ibadan, Nigeria. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 35, 363-367. doi:10.1016/S0266-4356(97)90411-3
[9]	Odukoya, O.O. (1995) Odontogenic tumours: Analysis of 289 Nigerian cases. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 24, 454-457. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01133.x
[10]	Simon, E.N., Merkx, M.A., Vuhahula, E., Ngassapa, D. and Stoelinga, P.J. (2005) A 4-year prospective study on epidemiology and clini-copathological presentation of odontogenic tumors in Tanzania. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 99, 598-602. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.10.004
[11]	Kamulega, A. and Kalyanyama, B.M. (2008) Oral maxillofacial neoplasms in an East African population a 10 year retrospective study of 1863 cases using histopathological reports. BMC Oral Health, 8, 19. doi:10.1186/1472-6831-8-19
[12]	Reichart, P.A., Philipsen, H.P. and Sciubba, J. (2006) The new WHO classification of tumours of the head and neck. What has changed? Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir, 1, 1-2. doi:10.1007/s10006-005-0653-1
[13]	Liu, Y., Wang, H., You, M., Yang, Z., Miao, J., Shimizutani, K., et al. (2010) Ossifying fibromas of the jaw bone: 20 cases. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, 39, 57-63. doi:10.1259/dmfr/96330046
[14]	Wakiaga, J.M., Onyango, J.F. and Awange, D.O. (1997) Clinicopathological analysis of jaw tumours and tumour-like conditions at the Kenyatta National Hospital. East African Medical Journal, 74, 65-68.
[15]	Ladeinde, A.L., Ajayi, O.F., Ogunlewe, M.O., Adeyemo, W.L., Arotiba, G.T., Bamgbose, B.O., et al. (2005) Odontogenic tumours: A review of 319 cases in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 99, 191-195. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.08.031
[16]	Stypulkowska, J. (1998) Odontogenic tumours and neoplastic-like changes of the jaw bones. Clinical study and evaluation of treatment results. Folia Medica Cracoviensia, 39, 35-141.
[17]	Antunes, A.A., Silva, J.L., Silva, P.V. and Antunes, A.P. (2006) Tumores odonto-gênicos: Análise de 128 casos. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia de Cabe?a e Pesco?o, 35, 160-163.
[18]	Luo, H.Y. and Li, T.-J. (2009) Odontogenic tumours: A study of 1309 cases in a Chinese population. Oral Oncology, 45, 706-711. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.11.001
[19]	Ochsensius, G., Ortega, A., Godoy, L., Penaflel, C. and Escobar, E. (2002) Odontogenic tumours in Chile: A study of 362 cases. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 31, 415-420. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0714.2002.00073.x
[20]	Avelar, R.L., Antunes, A.A., De Santana Santos, T., et al. (2008) Odontogenic tumours: Clinical and pathology study of 238 cases. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 74, 668-673.
[21]	Olgac, V., Koseoglu, B.G. and Aksakalli, N. (2006) Odontogenic tumours in Istanbul: 527 cases. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 44, 386-388. doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2005.07.002
[22]	Tamme, T., Soots, M., Kulla, A., et al. (2004) Odontogenic tumours, a collaborative retrospective study of 75 cases covering more than 25 years from Estonia. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 32, 161-165. doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2003.12.004
[23]	Lu, Y., Xuan, M., Takata, T., Wang, C., He, Z., Zhou, Z., et al. (1998) Odontogenic tumours: A demographic study of 759 cases in Chinese population. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 86, 707-714. doi:10.1016/S1079-2104(98)90208-6
[24]	Luo, H.Y. and Li, T.J. (2009) Odontogenic tumours: A study of 1309 cases in a Chinese population. Oral Oncology, 45, 706-711. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.11.001
[25]	Adebayo, E.T., Ajike, S.O. and Adekeye, E.O. (2005) A review of 318 odonto-genic tumours in Kaduna, Nigeria. Journal of Oral and Maxil-lofacial Surgery, 63, 811-819. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2004.03.022
[26]	Regezi, J.A., Kerr, D.A. and Courtney, R.M. (1978) Odontogenic tumours: analysis of 706 cases. Journal of Oral Surgery, 36, 771-778.
[27]	Wu, P.C. and Chan, K.W. (1985) A survey of tumours in Hong Kong Chinese. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 23, 92-103. doi:10.1016/0266-4356(85)90058-0
[28]	Mosadomi, A. (1975) Odontogenic tumours in African population: Analysis of twenty-nine cases seen over a 5-period. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 40, 502-521. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(75)90248-0
[29]	Chidzonga, M.M., Lopez, V.M. and Portilla Alvarez, A.L. (1996) Orofacial biopsies a survey of 1732 cases seen over a 10 year period. Central African Journal of Medicine, 42, 102-108.
[30]	Ogunsalu, C.O. (2003) Odontogenic tumours from two canters in Jamaica: A 15-year review. West Indian Medical Journal, 52, 285-289.
[31]	Fernandes, A.M., Duarte, E.C., Pimenta, F.J., Souza, L.N., Santos, V.R., Mesquita, R.A., et al. (2005) Odon-togenic tumours: A study of 340 cases in a Brazilian population. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 34, 583-587. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2005.00357.x
[32]	Gunham, O., Er-seven, G., Ruacan, S., Celasun, B., Ayidutan, Y., Ergun, E., et al. (1990) Odontogenic tumours: A series of 409 cases. Australian Dental Journal, 35, 518-522. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1990.tb04683.x
[33]	Mullapudi, S.V., Putcha, U.K. and Boindala, S. (2011) Odontogenic tumours and giant cell lesions of jaws—A nine year study. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 9, 68. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-9-68
[34]	Buchner, A., Merrell, P.W. and Carpenter, W.M. (2006) Relative frequency of central odontogenic tumours: A study of 1,088 cases from Northern California and comparison to studies from other parts of the world. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 64, 1343-1352. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2006.05.019
[35]	Daley, T.D., Wysocki, G.P. and Pringle, G.A. (1994) Relative incidence of odontogenic tumours and oral and jaw cysts in a Canadian population. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 77, 276–280. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(94)90299-2
[36]	Mosqueda-Taylor, A., Ledesma-Montes, C., Caballero-Sandoval, S., Portilla-Robertson, J., Ruiz-Godoy Rivera, L.M., Meneses-Garcia, A. (1997) Odontogenic tumours in Mexico: A collaborative retrospective study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 84, 672-675. doi:10.1016/S1079-2104(97)90371-1
[37]	Al-Khateeb, T., Hamasha, A.A. and Almasri, N.M. (2003) Oral and Maxillofa-cial tumours in North Jordanian children and adolescents: A retrospective analysis over 10 years. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 32, 78-83. doi:10.1054/ijom.2002.0309
[38]	Adebayo, E.T., Ajike, S.O. and Adekeye, E.O. (2002) Odontogenic tumours in children and adolescent: A study of 78 Nigerian cases. Journal of Cra-nio-Maxillofacial Surgery-Guide for Authors, 30, 267-272.
[39]	Mehlissch, D.R., Dahlin, D.C. and Masson, J.K. (1972) Ameloblastoma: A clinicopathologic report. Journal of Oral Surgery, 30, 9-22.
[40]	Parkin, G.E., Armah, G.A. and Ampofo, P. (2007) Tumours and tumour-like lesions of the lower face at Korle Bu teaching hospital, Ghana—An eight year study. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 5, 48.
[41]	Fregnani, E.R., Fillipi, R.Z., Oliveiria, C.R., Vargas, P.A. and Almeida, O.P. (2002) Odontomas and ameloblastomas: Variable prevalences around the world? Oral Oncology, 38, 807-808. doi:10.1016/S1368-8375(02)00050-7
[42]	Larsson, A. and Almeren, H. (1978) Ameloblastoma of the jaws, an analysis of consecutive series of all cases reported to the Swedish cancer registry during 1958-1971. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica, 86, 337.
[43]	Stoelinga, P.J.W. (2001) Longterm follow-up on keratocysts treated according to a defined protocol. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 30, 14-25. doi:10.1054/ijom.2000.0027
[44]	Praetorius, F., Ledesma-Montes, C., Barnes, L., Eveson, J.W., Reichart, P., Sidransky, D. (2005) Calcifying cyst odontogenic tumour. In World Health Organization classification of tumours: Pathology and genetics of head and neck classification of tumours: Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumours. IARC Press, Lyon.
[45]	Madras, J. and Lapointe, H. (2008) Keratocystic Odontogenic tumour: Reclassification of the odontogenic kera-tocyst from cyst to tumour. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association, 74. 165-165.
[46]	Stoelinga, P.J.W. and Peters, J.H. (1973) A note on the origin of keratocysts of the jaws. International Journal of Oral Surgery, 2, 37-44. doi:10.1016/S0300-9785(73)80001-8
[47]	Kaffe, I., Naor, H. and Buchner, A. (1997) Clinical and radiological features of odontogenic myxoma of the jaws. Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 26, 299-303. doi:10.1038/sj.dmfr.4600261
[48]	Scholl, R.J., Kellet, H.M., Neumann, D.P. and Lurie A.G. (1999) Cysts and cystic lesions of the mandible: Clinical and radiologic-histopathologic review radiographics. The Journal of Continuing Medical Eduation in Radiology, 19, 1107-1124.
[49]	Pogrel, M.A., Schimdt, B.L. and G.Robertson, C. (2006) Odontogenic and nonodontogenic tumours of the jaws. Clinical Pathology, Chapter 23, 497-498.
[50]	Fletcher, C.D.M., Unni, K.K. and Mertens, F. (2002) World Health Organization classification of tumors: Pa-thology and genetics of soft tissue and bone. IARC Press, Lyon.
[51]	Neville, B.D., Damm, D.D., Allen, C.M., et al. (2002) Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 2nd Edition, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
[52]	Su, L., Weathers, D.R. and Waldron, C.A. (1997) Distinguishing features of focal cemento-osseous dysplasia and cemento-ossifying fibromas: II. A clinical and radiologic spectrum of 316 cases. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endo-dontology, 84, 540-549. doi:10.1016/S1079-2104(97)90271-7